236 lines
4.4 KiB
Plaintext
236 lines
4.4 KiB
Plaintext
.TH LEAK 1
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.SH NAME
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leak, kmem, umem \- help find memory leaks
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.SH SYNOPSIS
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.B leak
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[
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.B -abcds
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]
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[
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.B -f
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.I binary
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]
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[
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.B -r
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.I res
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]
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[
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.B -x
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.I width
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]
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.I pid ...
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.PP
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.B kmem
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[
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.I kernel
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]
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.PP
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.B umem
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.I pid
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[
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.I textfile
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]
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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.I Leak
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examines the named processes, which
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should be sharing their data and bss segments,
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for memory leaks.
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It uses a mark and sweep-style algorithm to
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determine which allocated blocks are no longer
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reachable from the set of root pointers.
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The set of root pointers is created by looking through
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the shared bss segment as well as each process's registers.
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.PP
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Unless directed otherwise,
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.I leak
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prints, for each block, a line with seven space-separated fields:
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the string
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.BR block ,
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the address of the block,
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the size of the block,
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the first two words of the block,
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and the function names represented by the first two words of the block.
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Usually, the first two words of the block
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contain the malloc and realloc tags
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(see
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.IR malloc (2)),
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useful for finding who allocated the leaked blocks.
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.PP
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If the
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.B -s
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or the
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.B -c
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option is given,
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.I leak
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will instead present a sequence of
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.IR acid (1)
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commands that show each leaky allocation site.
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With
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.B -s
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a comment appears next to each command to
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indicate how many lost blocks were allocated
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at that point in the program.
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With
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.B -c
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the comments are extended to indicate also the total
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number of bytes lost at that point in the program,
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and an additional comment line gives the
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overall total number of bytes.
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.PP
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If the
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.B -a
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option is given,
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.I leak
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will print information as decribed above,
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but for all allocated blocks,
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not only leaked ones.
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If the
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.B -d
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option is given,
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.I leak
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will print information as decribed above,
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but for all free blocks,
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i.e. those freed,
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or those that are not yet
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in use (fragmentation?).
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The
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.B -a
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and
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.B -d
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options can be combined.
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.PP
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If the
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.B -b
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option is given,
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.I leak
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will print a Plan 9 image file
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graphically summarizing the memory arenas.
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In the image, each pixel represents
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.I res
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(default 8)
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bytes.
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The color code is:
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.TP "\w'\fIbright blue\fR 'u
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.I "dark blue
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Completely allocated.
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.TP
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.I "bright blue
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Contains malloc headers.
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.TP
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.I "bright red
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Contains malloc headers for leaked memory.
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.TP
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.I "dark red
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Contains leaked memory.
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.TP
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.I "yellow
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Completely free
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.TP
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.I "white
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Padding to fill out the image.
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.PD
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The bright pixels representing headers help in
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counting the number of blocks.
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Magnifying the images with
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.IR lens (1)
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is often useful.
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.PP
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If given a name rather than a list of process ids,
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.I leak
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echoes back a command-line with process ids of every process
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with that name.
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.PP
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The
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.B -f
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option specifies a binary to go on the
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.IR acid (1)
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command-line used to inspect the
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processes, and is only necessary
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when inspecting processes started
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from stripped binaries.
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.PP
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.I Umem
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prints a summary of all allocated blocks in the process with id
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.IR pid .
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Each line of the summary gives the count and total size of
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blocks allocated at an allocation point.
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The list is sorted by count in decreasing order.
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.I Umem
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prints summarizes all allocations, not just
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memory leaks, but it is faster and requires less memory than
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.IR leak .
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.PP
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.I Kmem
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is like
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.I umem
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but prints a summary for the running kernel.
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.SH EXAMPLES
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List lost blocks in
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.IR 8.out .
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This depends on the fact that there is only
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one instance of
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.I 8.out
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running; if there were more, the output of
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.B "leak -s 8.out
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would need editing before sending to the shell.
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.IP
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.EX
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% leak -s 8.out
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leak -s 229 230
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% leak -s 8.out | rc
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src(0x0000bf1b); // 64
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src(0x000016f5); // 7
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src(0x0000a988); // 7
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%
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.EE
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.LP
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View the memory usage graphic for the window system.
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.IP
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.EX
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% leak -b rio | rc | page
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.EE
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.PP
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List the top allocation points in the kernel,
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first by count and then by total size:
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.IP
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.EX
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% kmem | sed 10q
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% kmem | sort -nr +1 | sed 10q
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.EE
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.SH SOURCE
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.B /sys/lib/acid/leak
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.br
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.B /sys/src/cmd/aux/acidleak.c
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.br
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.B /rc/bin/leak
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.br
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.B /rc/bin/kmem
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.br
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.B /rc/bin/umem
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.SH SEE ALSO
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.IR getcallerpc (2),
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.I setmalloctag
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in
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.IR malloc (2)
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.SH BUGS
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.I Leak
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and
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.I kmem
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depend on the internal structure of the
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libc pool memory allocator (see
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.IR pool (2)).
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Since the ANSI/POSIX environment uses a different
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allocator,
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.I leak
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will not work on APE programs.
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.PP
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.I Leak
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is not speedy, and
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.I acidleak
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can consume more memory than the process(es) being examined.
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.PP
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These commands require
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.B /sys/src/libc/port/pool.acid
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to be present and generated from
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.BR pool.c .
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