plan9fox/sys/src/cmd/spin/spin.y
2011-03-30 19:35:09 +03:00

723 lines
19 KiB
Plaintext

/***** spin: spin.y *****/
/* Copyright (c) 1989-2003 by Lucent Technologies, Bell Laboratories. */
/* All Rights Reserved. This software is for educational purposes only. */
/* No guarantee whatsoever is expressed or implied by the distribution of */
/* this code. Permission is given to distribute this code provided that */
/* this introductory message is not removed and no monies are exchanged. */
/* Software written by Gerard J. Holzmann. For tool documentation see: */
/* http://spinroot.com/ */
/* Send all bug-reports and/or questions to: bugs@spinroot.com */
%{
#include "spin.h"
#include <stdarg.h>
#define YYDEBUG 0
#define Stop nn(ZN,'@',ZN,ZN)
extern Symbol *context, *owner;
extern int u_sync, u_async, dumptab;
extern short has_sorted, has_random, has_enabled, has_pcvalue, has_np;
extern short has_code, has_state, has_io;
extern void count_runs(Lextok *);
extern void no_internals(Lextok *);
extern void any_runs(Lextok *);
extern void validref(Lextok *, Lextok *);
extern char yytext[];
int Mpars = 0; /* max nr of message parameters */
int runsafe = 1; /* 1 if all run stmnts are in init */
int Expand_Ok = 0, realread = 1, IArgs = 0, NamesNotAdded = 0;
char *claimproc = (char *) 0;
char *eventmap = (char *) 0;
static int Embedded = 0, inEventMap = 0, has_ini = 0;
%}
%token ASSERT PRINT PRINTM
%token C_CODE C_DECL C_EXPR C_STATE C_TRACK
%token RUN LEN ENABLED EVAL PC_VAL
%token TYPEDEF MTYPE INLINE LABEL OF
%token GOTO BREAK ELSE SEMI
%token IF FI DO OD SEP
%token ATOMIC NON_ATOMIC D_STEP UNLESS
%token TIMEOUT NONPROGRESS
%token ACTIVE PROCTYPE D_PROCTYPE
%token HIDDEN SHOW ISLOCAL
%token PRIORITY PROVIDED
%token FULL EMPTY NFULL NEMPTY
%token CONST TYPE XU /* val */
%token NAME UNAME PNAME INAME /* sym */
%token STRING CLAIM TRACE INIT /* sym */
%right ASGN
%left SND O_SND RCV R_RCV /* SND doubles as boolean negation */
%left OR
%left AND
%left '|'
%left '^'
%left '&'
%left EQ NE
%left GT LT GE LE
%left LSHIFT RSHIFT
%left '+' '-'
%left '*' '/' '%'
%left INCR DECR
%right '~' UMIN NEG
%left DOT
%%
/** PROMELA Grammar Rules **/
program : units { yytext[0] = '\0'; }
;
units : unit
| units unit
;
unit : proc /* proctype { } */
| init /* init { } */
| claim /* never claim */
| events /* event assertions */
| one_decl /* variables, chans */
| utype /* user defined types */
| c_fcts /* c functions etc. */
| ns /* named sequence */
| SEMI /* optional separator */
| error
;
proc : inst /* optional instantiator */
proctype NAME {
setptype($3, PROCTYPE, ZN);
setpname($3);
context = $3->sym;
context->ini = $2; /* linenr and file */
Expand_Ok++; /* expand struct names in decl */
has_ini = 0;
}
'(' decl ')' { Expand_Ok--;
if (has_ini)
fatal("initializer in parameter list", (char *) 0);
}
Opt_priority
Opt_enabler
body { ProcList *rl;
rl = ready($3->sym, $6, $11->sq, $2->val, $10);
if ($1 != ZN && $1->val > 0)
{ int j;
for (j = 0; j < $1->val; j++)
runnable(rl, $9?$9->val:1, 1);
announce(":root:");
if (dumptab) $3->sym->ini = $1;
}
context = ZS;
}
;
proctype: PROCTYPE { $$ = nn(ZN,CONST,ZN,ZN); $$->val = 0; }
| D_PROCTYPE { $$ = nn(ZN,CONST,ZN,ZN); $$->val = 1; }
;
inst : /* empty */ { $$ = ZN; }
| ACTIVE { $$ = nn(ZN,CONST,ZN,ZN); $$->val = 1; }
| ACTIVE '[' CONST ']' {
$$ = nn(ZN,CONST,ZN,ZN); $$->val = $3->val;
if ($3->val > 255)
non_fatal("max nr of processes is 255\n", "");
}
| ACTIVE '[' NAME ']' {
$$ = nn(ZN,CONST,ZN,ZN);
$$->val = 0;
if (!$3->sym->type)
non_fatal("undeclared variable %s",
$3->sym->name);
else if ($3->sym->ini->ntyp != CONST)
non_fatal("need constant initializer for %s\n",
$3->sym->name);
else
$$->val = $3->sym->ini->val;
}
;
init : INIT { context = $1->sym; }
Opt_priority
body { ProcList *rl;
rl = ready(context, ZN, $4->sq, 0, ZN);
runnable(rl, $3?$3->val:1, 1);
announce(":root:");
context = ZS;
}
;
claim : CLAIM { context = $1->sym;
if (claimproc)
non_fatal("claim %s redefined", claimproc);
claimproc = $1->sym->name;
}
body { (void) ready($1->sym, ZN, $3->sq, 0, ZN);
context = ZS;
}
;
events : TRACE { context = $1->sym;
if (eventmap)
non_fatal("trace %s redefined", eventmap);
eventmap = $1->sym->name;
inEventMap++;
}
body { (void) ready($1->sym, ZN, $3->sq, 0, ZN);
context = ZS;
inEventMap--;
}
;
utype : TYPEDEF NAME { if (context)
fatal("typedef %s must be global",
$2->sym->name);
owner = $2->sym;
}
'{' decl_lst '}' { setuname($5); owner = ZS; }
;
nm : NAME { $$ = $1; }
| INAME { $$ = $1;
if (IArgs)
fatal("invalid use of '%s'", $1->sym->name);
}
;
ns : INLINE nm '(' { NamesNotAdded++; }
args ')' { prep_inline($2->sym, $5);
NamesNotAdded--;
}
;
c_fcts : ccode { /* leaves pseudo-inlines with sym of
* type CODE_FRAG or CODE_DECL in global context
*/
}
| cstate
;
cstate : C_STATE STRING STRING {
c_state($2->sym, $3->sym, ZS);
has_code = has_state = 1;
}
| C_TRACK STRING STRING {
c_track($2->sym, $3->sym, ZS);
has_code = has_state = 1;
}
| C_STATE STRING STRING STRING {
c_state($2->sym, $3->sym, $4->sym);
has_code = has_state = 1;
}
| C_TRACK STRING STRING STRING {
c_track($2->sym, $3->sym, $4->sym);
has_code = has_state = 1;
}
;
ccode : C_CODE { Symbol *s;
NamesNotAdded++;
s = prep_inline(ZS, ZN);
NamesNotAdded--;
$$ = nn(ZN, C_CODE, ZN, ZN);
$$->sym = s;
has_code = 1;
}
| C_DECL { Symbol *s;
NamesNotAdded++;
s = prep_inline(ZS, ZN);
NamesNotAdded--;
s->type = CODE_DECL;
$$ = nn(ZN, C_CODE, ZN, ZN);
$$->sym = s;
has_code = 1;
}
;
cexpr : C_EXPR { Symbol *s;
NamesNotAdded++;
s = prep_inline(ZS, ZN);
NamesNotAdded--;
$$ = nn(ZN, C_EXPR, ZN, ZN);
$$->sym = s;
no_side_effects(s->name);
has_code = 1;
}
;
body : '{' { open_seq(1); }
sequence OS { add_seq(Stop); }
'}' { $$->sq = close_seq(0); }
;
sequence: step { if ($1) add_seq($1); }
| sequence MS step { if ($3) add_seq($3); }
;
step : one_decl { $$ = ZN; }
| XU vref_lst { setxus($2, $1->val); $$ = ZN; }
| NAME ':' one_decl { fatal("label preceding declaration,", (char *)0); }
| NAME ':' XU { fatal("label predecing xr/xs claim,", 0); }
| stmnt { $$ = $1; }
| stmnt UNLESS stmnt { $$ = do_unless($1, $3); }
;
vis : /* empty */ { $$ = ZN; }
| HIDDEN { $$ = $1; }
| SHOW { $$ = $1; }
| ISLOCAL { $$ = $1; }
;
asgn: /* empty */
| ASGN
;
one_decl: vis TYPE var_list { setptype($3, $2->val, $1); $$ = $3; }
| vis UNAME var_list { setutype($3, $2->sym, $1);
$$ = expand($3, Expand_Ok);
}
| vis TYPE asgn '{' nlst '}' {
if ($2->val != MTYPE)
fatal("malformed declaration", 0);
setmtype($5);
if ($1)
non_fatal("cannot %s mtype (ignored)",
$1->sym->name);
if (context != ZS)
fatal("mtype declaration must be global", 0);
}
;
decl_lst: one_decl { $$ = nn(ZN, ',', $1, ZN); }
| one_decl SEMI
decl_lst { $$ = nn(ZN, ',', $1, $3); }
;
decl : /* empty */ { $$ = ZN; }
| decl_lst { $$ = $1; }
;
vref_lst: varref { $$ = nn($1, XU, $1, ZN); }
| varref ',' vref_lst { $$ = nn($1, XU, $1, $3); }
;
var_list: ivar { $$ = nn($1, TYPE, ZN, ZN); }
| ivar ',' var_list { $$ = nn($1, TYPE, ZN, $3); }
;
ivar : vardcl { $$ = $1;
$1->sym->ini = nn(ZN,CONST,ZN,ZN);
$1->sym->ini->val = 0;
}
| vardcl ASGN expr { $1->sym->ini = $3; $$ = $1;
trackvar($1,$3); has_ini = 1;
}
| vardcl ASGN ch_init { $1->sym->ini = $3;
$$ = $1; has_ini = 1;
}
;
ch_init : '[' CONST ']' OF
'{' typ_list '}' { if ($2->val) u_async++;
else u_sync++;
{ int i = cnt_mpars($6);
Mpars = max(Mpars, i);
}
$$ = nn(ZN, CHAN, ZN, $6);
$$->val = $2->val;
}
;
vardcl : NAME { $1->sym->nel = 1; $$ = $1; }
| NAME ':' CONST { $1->sym->nbits = $3->val;
if ($3->val >= 8*sizeof(long))
{ non_fatal("width-field %s too large",
$1->sym->name);
$3->val = 8*sizeof(long)-1;
}
$1->sym->nel = 1; $$ = $1;
}
| NAME '[' CONST ']' { $1->sym->nel = $3->val; $$ = $1; }
;
varref : cmpnd { $$ = mk_explicit($1, Expand_Ok, NAME); }
;
pfld : NAME { $$ = nn($1, NAME, ZN, ZN); }
| NAME { owner = ZS; }
'[' expr ']' { $$ = nn($1, NAME, $4, ZN); }
;
cmpnd : pfld { Embedded++;
if ($1->sym->type == STRUCT)
owner = $1->sym->Snm;
}
sfld { $$ = $1; $$->rgt = $3;
if ($3 && $1->sym->type != STRUCT)
$1->sym->type = STRUCT;
Embedded--;
if (!Embedded && !NamesNotAdded
&& !$1->sym->type)
non_fatal("undeclared variable: %s",
$1->sym->name);
if ($3) validref($1, $3->lft);
owner = ZS;
}
;
sfld : /* empty */ { $$ = ZN; }
| '.' cmpnd %prec DOT { $$ = nn(ZN, '.', $2, ZN); }
;
stmnt : Special { $$ = $1; }
| Stmnt { $$ = $1;
if (inEventMap)
non_fatal("not an event", (char *)0);
}
;
Special : varref RCV { Expand_Ok++; }
rargs { Expand_Ok--; has_io++;
$$ = nn($1, 'r', $1, $4);
trackchanuse($4, ZN, 'R');
}
| varref SND { Expand_Ok++; }
margs { Expand_Ok--; has_io++;
$$ = nn($1, 's', $1, $4);
$$->val=0; trackchanuse($4, ZN, 'S');
any_runs($4);
}
| IF options FI { $$ = nn($1, IF, ZN, ZN);
$$->sl = $2->sl;
prune_opts($$);
}
| DO { pushbreak(); }
options OD { $$ = nn($1, DO, ZN, ZN);
$$->sl = $3->sl;
prune_opts($$);
}
| BREAK { $$ = nn(ZN, GOTO, ZN, ZN);
$$->sym = break_dest();
}
| GOTO NAME { $$ = nn($2, GOTO, ZN, ZN);
if ($2->sym->type != 0
&& $2->sym->type != LABEL) {
non_fatal("bad label-name %s",
$2->sym->name);
}
$2->sym->type = LABEL;
}
| NAME ':' stmnt { $$ = nn($1, ':',$3, ZN);
if ($1->sym->type != 0
&& $1->sym->type != LABEL) {
non_fatal("bad label-name %s",
$1->sym->name);
}
$1->sym->type = LABEL;
}
;
Stmnt : varref ASGN expr { $$ = nn($1, ASGN, $1, $3);
trackvar($1, $3);
nochan_manip($1, $3, 0);
no_internals($1);
}
| varref INCR { $$ = nn(ZN,CONST, ZN, ZN); $$->val = 1;
$$ = nn(ZN, '+', $1, $$);
$$ = nn($1, ASGN, $1, $$);
trackvar($1, $1);
no_internals($1);
if ($1->sym->type == CHAN)
fatal("arithmetic on chan", (char *)0);
}
| varref DECR { $$ = nn(ZN,CONST, ZN, ZN); $$->val = 1;
$$ = nn(ZN, '-', $1, $$);
$$ = nn($1, ASGN, $1, $$);
trackvar($1, $1);
no_internals($1);
if ($1->sym->type == CHAN)
fatal("arithmetic on chan id's", (char *)0);
}
| PRINT '(' STRING { realread = 0; }
prargs ')' { $$ = nn($3, PRINT, $5, ZN); realread = 1; }
| PRINTM '(' varref ')' { $$ = nn(ZN, PRINTM, $3, ZN); }
| PRINTM '(' CONST ')' { $$ = nn(ZN, PRINTM, $3, ZN); }
| ASSERT full_expr { $$ = nn(ZN, ASSERT, $2, ZN); AST_track($2, 0); }
| ccode { $$ = $1; }
| varref R_RCV { Expand_Ok++; }
rargs { Expand_Ok--; has_io++;
$$ = nn($1, 'r', $1, $4);
$$->val = has_random = 1;
trackchanuse($4, ZN, 'R');
}
| varref RCV { Expand_Ok++; }
LT rargs GT { Expand_Ok--; has_io++;
$$ = nn($1, 'r', $1, $5);
$$->val = 2; /* fifo poll */
trackchanuse($5, ZN, 'R');
}
| varref R_RCV { Expand_Ok++; }
LT rargs GT { Expand_Ok--; has_io++; /* rrcv poll */
$$ = nn($1, 'r', $1, $5);
$$->val = 3; has_random = 1;
trackchanuse($5, ZN, 'R');
}
| varref O_SND { Expand_Ok++; }
margs { Expand_Ok--; has_io++;
$$ = nn($1, 's', $1, $4);
$$->val = has_sorted = 1;
trackchanuse($4, ZN, 'S');
any_runs($4);
}
| full_expr { $$ = nn(ZN, 'c', $1, ZN); count_runs($$); }
| ELSE { $$ = nn(ZN,ELSE,ZN,ZN);
}
| ATOMIC '{' { open_seq(0); }
sequence OS '}' { $$ = nn($1, ATOMIC, ZN, ZN);
$$->sl = seqlist(close_seq(3), 0);
make_atomic($$->sl->this, 0);
}
| D_STEP '{' { open_seq(0); rem_Seq(); }
sequence OS '}' { $$ = nn($1, D_STEP, ZN, ZN);
$$->sl = seqlist(close_seq(4), 0);
make_atomic($$->sl->this, D_ATOM);
unrem_Seq();
}
| '{' { open_seq(0); }
sequence OS '}' { $$ = nn(ZN, NON_ATOMIC, ZN, ZN);
$$->sl = seqlist(close_seq(5), 0);
}
| INAME { IArgs++; }
'(' args ')' { pickup_inline($1->sym, $4); IArgs--; }
Stmnt { $$ = $7; }
;
options : option { $$->sl = seqlist($1->sq, 0); }
| option options { $$->sl = seqlist($1->sq, $2->sl); }
;
option : SEP { open_seq(0); }
sequence OS { $$ = nn(ZN,0,ZN,ZN);
$$->sq = close_seq(6); }
;
OS : /* empty */
| SEMI { /* redundant semi at end of sequence */ }
;
MS : SEMI { /* at least one semi-colon */ }
| MS SEMI { /* but more are okay too */ }
;
aname : NAME { $$ = $1; }
| PNAME { $$ = $1; }
;
expr : '(' expr ')' { $$ = $2; }
| expr '+' expr { $$ = nn(ZN, '+', $1, $3); }
| expr '-' expr { $$ = nn(ZN, '-', $1, $3); }
| expr '*' expr { $$ = nn(ZN, '*', $1, $3); }
| expr '/' expr { $$ = nn(ZN, '/', $1, $3); }
| expr '%' expr { $$ = nn(ZN, '%', $1, $3); }
| expr '&' expr { $$ = nn(ZN, '&', $1, $3); }
| expr '^' expr { $$ = nn(ZN, '^', $1, $3); }
| expr '|' expr { $$ = nn(ZN, '|', $1, $3); }
| expr GT expr { $$ = nn(ZN, GT, $1, $3); }
| expr LT expr { $$ = nn(ZN, LT, $1, $3); }
| expr GE expr { $$ = nn(ZN, GE, $1, $3); }
| expr LE expr { $$ = nn(ZN, LE, $1, $3); }
| expr EQ expr { $$ = nn(ZN, EQ, $1, $3); }
| expr NE expr { $$ = nn(ZN, NE, $1, $3); }
| expr AND expr { $$ = nn(ZN, AND, $1, $3); }
| expr OR expr { $$ = nn(ZN, OR, $1, $3); }
| expr LSHIFT expr { $$ = nn(ZN, LSHIFT,$1, $3); }
| expr RSHIFT expr { $$ = nn(ZN, RSHIFT,$1, $3); }
| '~' expr { $$ = nn(ZN, '~', $2, ZN); }
| '-' expr %prec UMIN { $$ = nn(ZN, UMIN, $2, ZN); }
| SND expr %prec NEG { $$ = nn(ZN, '!', $2, ZN); }
| '(' expr SEMI expr ':' expr ')' {
$$ = nn(ZN, OR, $4, $6);
$$ = nn(ZN, '?', $2, $$);
}
| RUN aname { Expand_Ok++;
if (!context)
fatal("used 'run' outside proctype",
(char *) 0);
if (strcmp(context->name, ":init:") != 0)
runsafe = 0;
}
'(' args ')'
Opt_priority { Expand_Ok--;
$$ = nn($2, RUN, $5, ZN);
$$->val = ($7) ? $7->val : 1;
trackchanuse($5, $2, 'A'); trackrun($$);
}
| LEN '(' varref ')' { $$ = nn($3, LEN, $3, ZN); }
| ENABLED '(' expr ')' { $$ = nn(ZN, ENABLED, $3, ZN);
has_enabled++;
}
| varref RCV { Expand_Ok++; }
'[' rargs ']' { Expand_Ok--; has_io++;
$$ = nn($1, 'R', $1, $5);
}
| varref R_RCV { Expand_Ok++; }
'[' rargs ']' { Expand_Ok--; has_io++;
$$ = nn($1, 'R', $1, $5);
$$->val = has_random = 1;
}
| varref { $$ = $1; trapwonly($1, "varref"); }
| cexpr { $$ = $1; }
| CONST { $$ = nn(ZN,CONST,ZN,ZN);
$$->ismtyp = $1->ismtyp;
$$->val = $1->val;
}
| TIMEOUT { $$ = nn(ZN,TIMEOUT, ZN, ZN); }
| NONPROGRESS { $$ = nn(ZN,NONPROGRESS, ZN, ZN);
has_np++;
}
| PC_VAL '(' expr ')' { $$ = nn(ZN, PC_VAL, $3, ZN);
has_pcvalue++;
}
| PNAME '[' expr ']' '@' NAME
{ $$ = rem_lab($1->sym, $3, $6->sym); }
| PNAME '[' expr ']' ':' pfld
{ $$ = rem_var($1->sym, $3, $6->sym, $6->lft); }
| PNAME '@' NAME { $$ = rem_lab($1->sym, ZN, $3->sym); }
| PNAME ':' pfld { $$ = rem_var($1->sym, ZN, $3->sym, $3->lft); }
;
Opt_priority: /* none */ { $$ = ZN; }
| PRIORITY CONST { $$ = $2; }
;
full_expr: expr { $$ = $1; }
| Expr { $$ = $1; }
;
Opt_enabler: /* none */ { $$ = ZN; }
| PROVIDED '(' full_expr ')' { if (!proper_enabler($3))
{ non_fatal("invalid PROVIDED clause",
(char *)0);
$$ = ZN;
} else
$$ = $3;
}
| PROVIDED error { $$ = ZN;
non_fatal("usage: provided ( ..expr.. )",
(char *)0);
}
;
/* an Expr cannot be negated - to protect Probe expressions */
Expr : Probe { $$ = $1; }
| '(' Expr ')' { $$ = $2; }
| Expr AND Expr { $$ = nn(ZN, AND, $1, $3); }
| Expr AND expr { $$ = nn(ZN, AND, $1, $3); }
| Expr OR Expr { $$ = nn(ZN, OR, $1, $3); }
| Expr OR expr { $$ = nn(ZN, OR, $1, $3); }
| expr AND Expr { $$ = nn(ZN, AND, $1, $3); }
| expr OR Expr { $$ = nn(ZN, OR, $1, $3); }
;
Probe : FULL '(' varref ')' { $$ = nn($3, FULL, $3, ZN); }
| NFULL '(' varref ')' { $$ = nn($3, NFULL, $3, ZN); }
| EMPTY '(' varref ')' { $$ = nn($3, EMPTY, $3, ZN); }
| NEMPTY '(' varref ')' { $$ = nn($3,NEMPTY, $3, ZN); }
;
basetype: TYPE { $$->sym = ZS;
$$->val = $1->val;
if ($$->val == UNSIGNED)
fatal("unsigned cannot be used as mesg type", 0);
}
| UNAME { $$->sym = $1->sym;
$$->val = STRUCT;
}
| error /* e.g., unsigned ':' const */
;
typ_list: basetype { $$ = nn($1, $1->val, ZN, ZN); }
| basetype ',' typ_list { $$ = nn($1, $1->val, ZN, $3); }
;
args : /* empty */ { $$ = ZN; }
| arg { $$ = $1; }
;
prargs : /* empty */ { $$ = ZN; }
| ',' arg { $$ = $2; }
;
margs : arg { $$ = $1; }
| expr '(' arg ')' { if ($1->ntyp == ',')
$$ = tail_add($1, $3);
else
$$ = nn(ZN, ',', $1, $3);
}
;
arg : expr { if ($1->ntyp == ',')
$$ = $1;
else
$$ = nn(ZN, ',', $1, ZN);
}
| expr ',' arg { if ($1->ntyp == ',')
$$ = tail_add($1, $3);
else
$$ = nn(ZN, ',', $1, $3);
}
;
rarg : varref { $$ = $1; trackvar($1, $1);
trapwonly($1, "rarg"); }
| EVAL '(' expr ')' { $$ = nn(ZN,EVAL,$3,ZN);
trapwonly($1, "eval rarg"); }
| CONST { $$ = nn(ZN,CONST,ZN,ZN);
$$->ismtyp = $1->ismtyp;
$$->val = $1->val;
}
| '-' CONST %prec UMIN { $$ = nn(ZN,CONST,ZN,ZN);
$$->val = - ($2->val);
}
;
rargs : rarg { if ($1->ntyp == ',')
$$ = $1;
else
$$ = nn(ZN, ',', $1, ZN);
}
| rarg ',' rargs { if ($1->ntyp == ',')
$$ = tail_add($1, $3);
else
$$ = nn(ZN, ',', $1, $3);
}
| rarg '(' rargs ')' { if ($1->ntyp == ',')
$$ = tail_add($1, $3);
else
$$ = nn(ZN, ',', $1, $3);
}
| '(' rargs ')' { $$ = $2; }
;
nlst : NAME { $$ = nn($1, NAME, ZN, ZN);
$$ = nn(ZN, ',', $$, ZN); }
| nlst NAME { $$ = nn($2, NAME, ZN, ZN);
$$ = nn(ZN, ',', $$, $1);
}
| nlst ',' { $$ = $1; /* commas optional */ }
;
%%
void
yyerror(char *fmt, ...)
{
non_fatal(fmt, (char *) 0);
}