370 lines
6.9 KiB
Plaintext
370 lines
6.9 KiB
Plaintext
.TH NDB 6
|
|
.SH NAME
|
|
ndb \- Network database
|
|
.SH DESCRIPTION
|
|
.PP
|
|
The network database consists of files
|
|
describing machines known to the local
|
|
installation and machines known publicly.
|
|
The files comprise multi-line tuples made up of
|
|
attribute/value pairs of the form
|
|
.IB attr = value
|
|
or sometimes just
|
|
.IR attr .
|
|
Each line starting without white space starts a new tuple.
|
|
Lines starting with
|
|
.B #
|
|
are comments.
|
|
.PP
|
|
The file
|
|
.B /lib/ndb/local
|
|
is the root of the database.
|
|
Other files are included in the
|
|
database if a tuple with an
|
|
attribute-value pair of attribute
|
|
.B database
|
|
and no value exists in
|
|
.BR /lib/ndb/local
|
|
.
|
|
Within the
|
|
.B database
|
|
tuple,
|
|
each pair with attribute
|
|
.B file
|
|
identifies a file to be included in the database. The files are searched
|
|
in the order they appear.
|
|
For example:
|
|
.IP
|
|
.EX
|
|
database=
|
|
file=/lib/ndb/common
|
|
file=/lib/ndb/local
|
|
file=/lib/ndb/global
|
|
.EE
|
|
.PP
|
|
declares the database to be composed of the three files
|
|
.BR /lib/ndb/common ,
|
|
.BR /lib/ndb/local ,
|
|
and
|
|
.BR /lib/ndb/global .
|
|
By default,
|
|
.B /lib/ndb/local
|
|
is searched before the others.
|
|
However,
|
|
.B /lib/ndb/local
|
|
may be included in the
|
|
.B database
|
|
to redefine its ordering.
|
|
.PP
|
|
Within tuples, pairs on the same line bind tighter than
|
|
pairs on different lines.
|
|
.PP
|
|
Programs search the database directly using the routines in
|
|
.IR ndb (2)
|
|
or indirectly using
|
|
.B ndb/cs
|
|
and
|
|
.B ndb/dns
|
|
(see
|
|
.IR ndb (8)).
|
|
Both
|
|
.B ndb/cs
|
|
and the routine
|
|
.I ndbipinfo
|
|
impose structure on the otherwise flat database by using
|
|
knowledge specific to the network.
|
|
The internet is made up of networks which can be subnetted
|
|
multiple times. A network must have an
|
|
.B ipnet
|
|
attribute and is uniquely identified by the values of its
|
|
.B ip
|
|
and
|
|
.B ipmask
|
|
attributes. If the
|
|
.B ipmask
|
|
is missing, the relevant Class A, B or C one is used.
|
|
.LP
|
|
A search for an attribute associated with a network or host starts
|
|
at the lowest level, the entry for the host or network itself,
|
|
and works its way up, bit by bit, looking at entries for nets/subnets
|
|
that include the network or host. The search ends when the attribute
|
|
is found.
|
|
For example, consider the following entries:
|
|
.IP
|
|
.EX
|
|
ipnet=murray-hill ip=135.104.0.0 ipmask=255.255.0.0
|
|
dns=135.104.10.1
|
|
ntp=ntp.cs.bell-labs.com
|
|
ipnet=plan9 ip=135.104.9.0 ipmask=255.255.255.0
|
|
ntp=oncore.cs.bell-labs.com
|
|
smtp=smtp1.cs.bell-labs.com
|
|
ip=135.104.9.6 sys=anna dom=anna.cs.bell-labs.com
|
|
smtp=smtp2.cs.bell-labs.com
|
|
.EE
|
|
.LP
|
|
Here
|
|
.B anna
|
|
is on the subnet
|
|
.B plan9
|
|
which is in turn on the class B net
|
|
.BR murray-hill .
|
|
Assume that we're searching for
|
|
.BR anna 's
|
|
.B NTP
|
|
and
|
|
.B SMTP
|
|
servers.
|
|
The search starts by looking for an entry with
|
|
.BR sys=anna .
|
|
We find the anna entry. Since it has an
|
|
.B smtp=smtp2.cs.bell-labs.com
|
|
pair,
|
|
we're done looking for that attribute.
|
|
To fulfill the NTP request, we continue by looking for networks
|
|
that include anna's IP address.
|
|
We lop off the right most one bit from anna's address and
|
|
look for an
|
|
.B ipnet=
|
|
entry with
|
|
.BR ip=135.104.9.4 .
|
|
Not finding one, we drop another bit and look for an
|
|
.B ipnet=
|
|
entry with
|
|
.BR ip=135.104.9.0 .
|
|
There is
|
|
such an entry and it has the pair,
|
|
.BR ntp=oncore.cs.bell-labs.com ,
|
|
ending our search.
|
|
.PP
|
|
.I Ndb/cs
|
|
can be made to perform such network aware
|
|
searches by using metanames in the dialstring.
|
|
A metaname is a
|
|
.I $
|
|
followed by an attribute name.
|
|
.I Ndb/cs
|
|
looks up the attribute relative to the system it is running
|
|
on. Thus, with the above example, if a program called
|
|
.IP
|
|
.EX
|
|
dial("tcp!$smtp!smtp", 0, 0, 0);
|
|
.EE
|
|
.LP
|
|
the dial would connect to the SMTP port of
|
|
.BR smtp2.cs.bell-labs.com .
|
|
.PP
|
|
A number of attributes are meaningful to programs and thus
|
|
reserved.
|
|
They are:
|
|
.TF rootserver
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B sys
|
|
system name (a short name)
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B dom
|
|
Internet fully-qualified domain name (without the trailing period)
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B ip
|
|
Internet address,
|
|
v4 or v6.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B ipv6
|
|
IPv6 Internet address.
|
|
For DNS, an
|
|
.L AAAA
|
|
record.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B ipnet
|
|
Internet network name
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B ipmask
|
|
Internet network mask
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B ipgw
|
|
Internet gateway (ip address)
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B ether
|
|
Ethernet address
|
|
(must be lower-case hex)
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B vendor
|
|
Specific vendor attribute for dhcp and bootp
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B bootf
|
|
file to download for initial bootstrap;
|
|
.B /386/9bootpxe
|
|
to boot a PC via PXE.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B tftp
|
|
an TFTP server to use for PXE bootstrap
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B fs
|
|
Plan 9 file server to be used
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B auth
|
|
Plan 9 authentication server to be used
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B authdom
|
|
Plan 9 authentication domain.
|
|
To specify an authentication server for a particular domain,
|
|
add a tuple containing both
|
|
.B auth
|
|
and
|
|
.B authdom
|
|
attributes and values.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B rootpath
|
|
the NFS root for unix machines
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B rootserver
|
|
the NFS server used with rootpath
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B dnsdomain
|
|
a domain name that
|
|
.I ndb/dns
|
|
adds onto any unrooted names when doing a search.
|
|
There may be multiple
|
|
.B dnsdomain
|
|
pairs.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B dns
|
|
a DNS server to use (for DNS and DHCP)
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B ntp
|
|
an NTP server to use (for DHCP)
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B smtp
|
|
an SMTP server to use (for DHCP)
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B time
|
|
a time server to use (for DHCP)
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B wins
|
|
a Windows name server (for DHCP)
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B mx
|
|
mail exchanger (for DNS and DHCP);
|
|
also
|
|
.BR pref .
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B srv
|
|
service location (for DNS);
|
|
also
|
|
.BR pri ,
|
|
.B weight
|
|
and
|
|
.BR port .
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B soa
|
|
start of area (for DNS)
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B txt
|
|
a descriptive text.
|
|
For DNS, a
|
|
.L TXT
|
|
record.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B txtrr
|
|
obsolete, same as
|
|
.B txt
|
|
above.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B caa
|
|
certificate authority authorization (for DNS)
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B tcp
|
|
a TCP service name
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B udp
|
|
a UDP service name
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B port
|
|
a TCP or UDP port number
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B restricted
|
|
a TCP service that can be called only by ports numbered
|
|
less than 1024
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B proto
|
|
a protocol supported by a host.
|
|
The pair
|
|
.B proto=il
|
|
was needed by
|
|
.I cs
|
|
(see
|
|
.IR ndb (8))
|
|
in tuples for hosts that supported the IL protocol
|
|
.PD
|
|
.PP
|
|
.I Cs
|
|
defers to
|
|
.I dns
|
|
to translate dotted names to IP addresses,
|
|
only consulting the database files if
|
|
.I dns
|
|
cannot translate the name.
|
|
.PP
|
|
.I Cs
|
|
allows network entries with
|
|
.B sys
|
|
and
|
|
.B dom
|
|
attributes but no
|
|
.B ip
|
|
attribute.
|
|
Searches for the system name are resolved
|
|
by looking up the domain name with
|
|
.IR dns .
|
|
.PP
|
|
The file
|
|
.B /lib/ndb/auth
|
|
is used during authentication to decide who has the power to `speak for' other
|
|
users; see
|
|
.IR authsrv (6).
|
|
.SH EXAMPLES
|
|
.LP
|
|
A tuple for the CPU server, spindle.
|
|
.LP
|
|
.EX
|
|
sys=spindle
|
|
dom=spindle.research.bell-labs.com
|
|
bootf=/mips/9powerboot
|
|
ip=135.104.117.32 ether=080069020677
|
|
.EE
|
|
.LP
|
|
Entries for the network
|
|
.B mh-astro-net
|
|
and its subnets.
|
|
.LP
|
|
.EX
|
|
ipnet=mh-astro-net ip=135.104.0.0 ipmask=255.255.255.0
|
|
ipgw=r70.research.bell-labs.com
|
|
fs=bootes.research.bell-labs.com
|
|
auth=p9auth.research.bell-labs.com
|
|
ipnet=unix-room ip=135.104.117.0
|
|
ipgw=135.104.117.1
|
|
ipnet=third-floor ip=135.104.51.0
|
|
ipgw=135.104.51.1
|
|
.EE
|
|
.LP
|
|
Mappings between TCP service names and port numbers.
|
|
.LP
|
|
.EX
|
|
.ta \w'\fLtcp=sysmonxxxxx'u \w'\fLtcp=sysmonxxxxxport=512xxx'u
|
|
tcp=sysmon port=401
|
|
tcp=rexec port=512 restricted
|
|
tcp=9fs port=564
|
|
.EE
|
|
.SH FILES
|
|
.TF /lib/ndb/local
|
|
.TP
|
|
.B /lib/ndb/local
|
|
first database file searched
|
|
.SH "SEE ALSO"
|
|
.IR con (1),
|
|
.IR dial (2),
|
|
.IR ndb (2),
|
|
.IR booting (8),
|
|
.IR dhcpd (8),
|
|
.IR ipconfig (8),
|
|
.IR ndb (8)
|