172 lines
5.1 KiB
Plaintext
172 lines
5.1 KiB
Plaintext
.HTML "Plan 9 — Fourth Edition Release Notes
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.TL
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Plan 9 From Bell Labs
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.br
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Fourth Release Notes
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.br
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April, 2002
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.br
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updated June, 2003
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.LP
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.sp -.4i
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.nf
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.ce 1000
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Copyright © 2002-2003 Lucent Technologies Inc.
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All Rights Reserved
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.sp .2i
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.fi
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.LP
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The fourth release of the Plan 9 operating system from Bell Labs
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packages a major overhaul of the system at every level.
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From the underlying file system protocol, 9P, through the kernel,
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libraries, and applications, almost everything has been modified
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and, in many cases, redesigned or rewritten.
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.LP
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The most significant change is that 9P has been redesigned to address
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a number of shortcomings, most important, its previous inability to handle long
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file names.
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Unfortunately, squeezing long names onto the disks of existing
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file servers is a messy business that we're still grappling with,
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so at the moment
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.I fs (4)
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and
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.I kfs (4)
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can't yet handle long names,
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although they do talk the new protocol.
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(In fact, they
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talk both old and new, as required, to ease transition.)
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In the meantime, there is a workaround \(em
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.I lnfs (4)
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\(em
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and many of the other file servers such as
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.I ramfs (4)
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and
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.I u9fs (4)
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work just fine with long names.
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It's only the old disk-resident file servers
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that don't.
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The new file server
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.I fossil (4)
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handles supports long names and many other features.
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The older servers are now deprecated.
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.LP
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The following is a partial list of the major changes throughout the system.
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.de Xx
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.LP
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\(bu
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..
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.Xx
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The file system protocol, 9P, has been reworked.
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It now has variable-length names, so it can handle long names
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but also is more compact when handling short ones.
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It uses a different format that is easily parsed, eliminating the need for the old
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.CW aux/fcall
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utility,
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and delegates its authentication duties to an external agent,
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.CW factotum .
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.Xx
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Security has been a focus of attention.
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A new security agent,
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.I factotum (4),
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manages passwords and other secrets and, coupled with a new secure file store
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.I secstore (8),
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enables secure single sign-on.
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.Xx
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.CW Cpu ,
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.CW import ,
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and
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.CW exportfs
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all encrypt their connections now, and since they use the new 9P they
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also use new network port numbers.
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A new service
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.I aan (1)
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is used by
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.CW import
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to make its network connections more reliable in the face of network outages.
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The old ports still work, through the agency of a protocol conversion filter
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.I srvold9p (4).
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.Xx
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We are phasing out the IL protocol since it doesn't handle long-distance connections
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well (and long-distance networks don't handle it well, either).
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IL is still used by
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.I fs (4)
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but TCP has become the standard protocol for all other services.
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.Xx
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The software for the new network-resident secure block store,
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.I venti (8),
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is included with this distribution.
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The new
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file server
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.I fossil (4)
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uses Venti rather than a WORM as its permanent block repository/backup medium.
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It is still being developed, but is mature enough that a handful of users
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throughout the world are using it as their primary file server.
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.Xx
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The need to handle longer file names triggered a rethinking of the way the
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system handles strings in general.
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The kernel is now more explanatory when it gives an error message and
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more consistent in how it handles strings such as commands to devices.
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The interfaces to many of the system calls, such as
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.I errstr (2)
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and
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.I wait (2)
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all had to change as a result, as did the library interface to read directories,
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.I stat (2)
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and its relatives.
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.Xx
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The formatted I/O package described in
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.I print (2)
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and
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.I fmtinstall (2)
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has been redesigned.
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Although the basic interface is unchanged, it now runs without locks and
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has an internal buffer management mechanism that means
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.CW print
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no longer needs a large on-stack buffer.
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The interface for writing custom print verbs and custom formatted I/O routines
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has also been greatly improved.
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.Xx
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The thread library
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.I thread (2)
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has been completely rewritten.
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The main visible change is that, coupled with the changes to printing,
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.CW threadprint
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is gone; you can just use
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.CW print
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or
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.CW fprint
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at will.
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.Xx
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Support for electronic mail has been extended in many ways and now includes
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some new spam filtering tools,
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much better (and more standard) handling of MIME messages,
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the ability to render incoming HTML mail,
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and much more.
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.LP
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There are so many changes to the programming interfaces of the system
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that they are described in a separate document, entitled
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.I
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Changes to the Programming Environment in the Fourth Release of Plan 9.
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.R
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Please read it before you start updating your own software to run under the new system.
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.LP
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The installation method has also changed and we're moving towards a new
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method for maintaining updates.
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The Plan 9 Wiki
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.CW http://plan9.bell-labs.com/wiki/plan9 ) (
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and Usenet group
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.CW comp.os.plan9 ) (
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are the places to visit to learn more and stay current.
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In particular, the installation notes are now maintained in the Wiki;
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the traditional papers on installation and start-up are gone.
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.LP
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There's lots more new stuff.
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If you have problems, mail
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.CW 9trouble@plan9.bell-labs.com
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or, better, check the wiki
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.CW http://plan9.bell-labs.com/wiki/plan9
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or ask the Usenet newsgroup
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.CW comp.os.plan9 .
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.LP
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Good Luck!
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