diff --git a/sys/src/cmd/cwfs/9p1.c b/sys/src/cmd/cwfs/9p1.c
index 071120e05..a040009cc 100644
--- a/sys/src/cmd/cwfs/9p1.c
+++ b/sys/src/cmd/cwfs/9p1.c
@@ -15,14 +15,14 @@ static void
 f_nop(Chan *cp, Fcall*, Fcall*)
 {
 	if(CHAT(cp))
-		print("c_nop %d\n", cp->chan);
+		fprint(2, "c_nop %d\n", cp->chan);
 }
 
 static void
 f_flush(Chan *cp, Fcall*, Fcall*)
 {
 	if(CHAT(cp))
-		print("c_flush %d\n", cp->chan);
+		fprint(2, "c_flush %d\n", cp->chan);
 	runlock(&cp->reflock);
 	wlock(&cp->reflock);
 	wunlock(&cp->reflock);
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ f_session(Chan *cp, Fcall *in, Fcall *ou)
 	aip = (Authinfo*)cp->authinfo;
 
 	if(CHAT(cp))
-		print("c_session %d\n", cp->chan);
+		fprint(2, "c_session %d\n", cp->chan);
 	memmove(aip->rchal, in->chal, sizeof(aip->rchal));
 	mkchallenge(aip);
 	memmove(ou->chal, aip->chal, sizeof(ou->chal));
@@ -90,21 +90,21 @@ authorize(Chan *cp, Fcall *in, Fcall *ou)
 	/* decrypt and unpack ticket */
 	convM2T9p1(in->ticket, &t, nvr.machkey);
 	if(t.num != AuthTs){
-		print("9p1: bad AuthTs num\n");
+		fprint(2, "9p1: bad AuthTs num\n");
 		return 0;
 	}
 
 	/* decrypt and unpack authenticator */
 	convM2A9p1(in->auth, &a, t.key);
 	if(a.num != AuthAc){
-		print("9p1: bad AuthAc num\n");
+		fprint(2, "9p1: bad AuthAc num\n");
 		return 0;
 	}
 
 	/* challenges must match */
 	aip = (Authinfo*)cp->authinfo;
 	if(memcmp(a.chal, aip->chal, sizeof(a.chal)) != 0){
-		print("9p1: bad challenge\n");
+		fprint(2, "9p1: bad challenge\n");
 		return 0;
 	}
 
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ authorize(Chan *cp, Fcall *in, Fcall *ou)
 	bit = 1<<x;
 	if(x < 0 || x > 31 || (bit&aip->idvec)){
 		unlock(&aip->idlock);
-		print("9p1: id out of range: idoff %ld idvec %lux id %ld\n",
+		fprint(2, "9p1: id out of range: idoff %ld idvec %lux id %ld\n",
 		   aip->idoffset, aip->idvec, a.id);
 		return 0;
 	}
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ authorize(Chan *cp, Fcall *in, Fcall *ou)
 
 	/* ticket name and attach name must match */
 	if(memcmp(in->uname, t.cuid, sizeof(in->uname)) != 0){
-		print("9p1: names don't match\n");
+		fprint(2, "9p1: names don't match\n");
 		return 0;
 	}
 
@@ -196,10 +196,10 @@ f_attach(Chan *cp, Fcall *in, Fcall *ou)
 	Off raddr;
 
 	if(CHAT(cp)) {
-		print("c_attach %d\n", cp->chan);
-		print("\tfid = %d\n", in->fid);
-		print("\tuid = %s\n", in->uname);
-		print("\targ = %s\n", in->aname);
+		fprint(2, "c_attach %d\n", cp->chan);
+		fprint(2, "\tfid = %d\n", in->fid);
+		fprint(2, "\tuid = %s\n", in->uname);
+		fprint(2, "\targ = %s\n", in->aname);
 	}
 
 	ou->qid = QID9P1(0,0);
@@ -283,9 +283,9 @@ f_clone(Chan *cp, Fcall *in, Fcall *ou)
 	int fid, fid1;
 
 	if(CHAT(cp)) {
-		print("c_clone %d\n", cp->chan);
-		print("\told fid = %d\n", in->fid);
-		print("\tnew fid = %d\n", in->newfid);
+		fprint(2, "c_clone %d\n", cp->chan);
+		fprint(2, "\told fid = %d\n", in->fid);
+		fprint(2, "\tnew fid = %d\n", in->newfid);
 	}
 
 	fid = in->fid;
@@ -343,9 +343,9 @@ f_walk(Chan *cp, Fcall *in, Fcall *ou)
 	Off addr, qpath;
 
 	if(CHAT(cp)) {
-		print("c_walk %d\n", cp->chan);
-		print("\tfid = %d\n", in->fid);
-		print("\tname = %s\n", in->name);
+		fprint(2, "c_walk %d\n", cp->chan);
+		fprint(2, "\tfid = %d\n", in->fid);
+		fprint(2, "\tname = %s\n", in->name);
 	}
 
 	ou->fid = in->fid;
@@ -470,9 +470,9 @@ f_open(Chan *cp, Fcall *in, Fcall *ou)
 	int ro, fmod, wok;
 
 	if(CHAT(cp)) {
-		print("c_open %d\n", cp->chan);
-		print("\tfid = %d\n", in->fid);
-		print("\tmode = %o\n", in->mode);
+		fprint(2, "c_open %d\n", cp->chan);
+		fprint(2, "\tfid = %d\n", in->fid);
+		fprint(2, "\tmode = %o\n", in->mode);
 	}
 
 	wok = 0;
@@ -622,12 +622,12 @@ f_create(Chan *cp, Fcall *in, Fcall *ou)
 	Wpath *w;
 
 	if(CHAT(cp)) {
-		print("c_create %d\n", cp->chan);
-		print("\tfid = %d\n", in->fid);
-		print("\tname = %s\n", in->name);
-		print("\tperm = %lx+%lo\n", (in->perm>>28)&0xf,
+		fprint(2, "c_create %d\n", cp->chan);
+		fprint(2, "\tfid = %d\n", in->fid);
+		fprint(2, "\tname = %s\n", in->name);
+		fprint(2, "\tperm = %lx+%lo\n", (in->perm>>28)&0xf,
 				in->perm&0777);
-		print("\tmode = %o\n", in->mode);
+		fprint(2, "\tmode = %o\n", in->mode);
 	}
 
 	wok = 0;
@@ -818,10 +818,10 @@ f_read(Chan *cp, Fcall *in, Fcall *ou)
 	int nread, count, mask, n, o, slot;
 
 	if(CHAT(cp)) {
-		print("c_read %d\n", cp->chan);
-		print("\tfid = %d\n", in->fid);
-		print("\toffset = %lld\n", (Wideoff)in->offset);
-		print("\tcount = %ld\n", in->count);
+		fprint(2, "c_read %d\n", cp->chan);
+		fprint(2, "\tfid = %d\n", in->fid);
+		fprint(2, "\toffset = %lld\n", (Wideoff)in->offset);
+		fprint(2, "\tcount = %ld\n", in->count);
 	}
 
 	p = 0;
@@ -983,7 +983,7 @@ dread:
 				goto out;
 			}
 			if(convD2M9p1(d1, ou->data+nread) != n)
-				print("9p1: dirread convD2M1990\n");
+				fprint(2, "9p1: dirread convD2M1990\n");
 			nread += n;
 			count -= n;
 		}
@@ -1001,7 +1001,7 @@ out:
 	ou->fid = in->fid;
 	ou->count = nread;
 	if(CHAT(cp))
-		print("\tnread = %d\n", nread);
+		fprint(2, "\tnread = %d\n", nread);
 }
 
 static void
@@ -1016,10 +1016,10 @@ f_write(Chan *cp, Fcall *in, Fcall *ou)
 	int count, nwrite, o, n;
 
 	if(CHAT(cp)) {
-		print("c_write %d\n", cp->chan);
-		print("\tfid = %d\n", in->fid);
-		print("\toffset = %lld\n", (Wideoff)in->offset);
-		print("\tcount = %ld\n", in->count);
+		fprint(2, "c_write %d\n", cp->chan);
+		fprint(2, "\tfid = %d\n", in->fid);
+		fprint(2, "\toffset = %lld\n", (Wideoff)in->offset);
+		fprint(2, "\tcount = %ld\n", in->count);
 	}
 
 	offset = in->offset;
@@ -1103,7 +1103,7 @@ f_write(Chan *cp, Fcall *in, Fcall *ou)
 		offset += n;
 	}
 	if(CHAT(cp))
-		print("\tnwrite = %d\n", nwrite);
+		fprint(2, "\tnwrite = %d\n", nwrite);
 
 out:
 	if(p)
@@ -1225,8 +1225,8 @@ f_clunk(Chan *cp, Fcall *in, Fcall *ou)
 	File *f;
 
 	if(CHAT(cp)) {
-		print("c_clunk %d\n", cp->chan);
-		print("\tfid = %d\n", in->fid);
+		fprint(2, "c_clunk %d\n", cp->chan);
+		fprint(2, "\tfid = %d\n", in->fid);
 	}
 
 	f = filep(cp, in->fid, 0);
@@ -1245,8 +1245,8 @@ f_remove(Chan *cp, Fcall *in, Fcall *ou)
 	File *f;
 
 	if(CHAT(cp)) {
-		print("c_remove %d\n", cp->chan);
-		print("\tfid = %d\n", in->fid);
+		fprint(2, "c_remove %d\n", cp->chan);
+		fprint(2, "\tfid = %d\n", in->fid);
 	}
 
 	f = filep(cp, in->fid, 0);
@@ -1267,8 +1267,8 @@ f_stat(Chan *cp, Fcall *in, Fcall *ou)
 	File *f;
 
 	if(CHAT(cp)) {
-		print("c_stat %d\n", cp->chan);
-		print("\tfid = %d\n", in->fid);
+		fprint(2, "c_stat %d\n", cp->chan);
+		fprint(2, "\tfid = %d\n", in->fid);
 	}
 
 	p = 0;
@@ -1289,7 +1289,7 @@ f_stat(Chan *cp, Fcall *in, Fcall *ou)
 	if(d->qid.path == QPROOT)	/* stat of root gives time */
 		d->atime = time(nil);
 	if(convD2M9p1(d, ou->stat) != DIRREC)
-		print("9p1: stat convD2M\n");
+		fprint(2, "9p1: stat convD2M\n");
 
 out:
 	if(p)
@@ -1309,8 +1309,8 @@ f_wstat(Chan *cp, Fcall *in, Fcall *ou)
 	Off addr;
 
 	if(CHAT(cp)) {
-		print("c_wstat %d\n", cp->chan);
-		print("\tfid = %d\n", in->fid);
+		fprint(2, "c_wstat %d\n", cp->chan);
+		fprint(2, "\tfid = %d\n", in->fid);
 	}
 
 	p = 0;
@@ -1349,10 +1349,10 @@ f_wstat(Chan *cp, Fcall *in, Fcall *ou)
 
 	convM2D9p1(in->stat, &xd);
 	if(CHAT(cp)) {
-		print("\td.name = %s\n", xd.name);
-		print("\td.uid  = %d\n", xd.uid);
-		print("\td.gid  = %d\n", xd.gid);
-		print("\td.mode = %o\n", xd.mode);
+		fprint(2, "\td.name = %s\n", xd.name);
+		fprint(2, "\td.uid  = %d\n", xd.uid);
+		fprint(2, "\td.gid  = %d\n", xd.gid);
+		fprint(2, "\td.mode = %o\n", xd.mode);
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -1481,7 +1481,7 @@ f_clwalk(Chan *cp, Fcall *in, Fcall *ou)
 	int er, fid;
 
 	if(CHAT(cp))
-		print("c_clwalk macro\n");
+		fprint(2, "c_clwalk macro\n");
 
 	f_clone(cp, in, ou);		/* sets tag, fid */
 	if(ou->err)
@@ -1500,7 +1500,7 @@ f_clwalk(Chan *cp, Fcall *in, Fcall *ou)
 		ou->err = 0;
 		ou->fid = fid;
 		if(CHAT(cp))
-			print("\terror: %s\n", errstr9p[er]);
+			fprint(2, "\terror: %s\n", errstr9p[er]);
 	} else if(er) {
 		/*
 		 * if any other error
@@ -1542,16 +1542,8 @@ error9p1(Chan* cp, Msgbuf* mb)
 {
 	Msgbuf *mb1;
 
-	print("type=%d count=%d\n", mb->data[0], mb->count);
-	print(" %.2x %.2x %.2x %.2x\n",
-		mb->data[1]&0xff, mb->data[2]&0xff,
-		mb->data[3]&0xff, mb->data[4]&0xff);
-	print(" %.2x %.2x %.2x %.2x\n",
-		mb->data[5]&0xff, mb->data[6]&0xff,
-		mb->data[7]&0xff, mb->data[8]&0xff);
-	print(" %.2x %.2x %.2x %.2x\n",
-		mb->data[9]&0xff, mb->data[10]&0xff,
-		mb->data[11]&0xff, mb->data[12]&0xff);
+	fprint(2, "type=%d count=%d\n", mb->data[0], mb->count);
+	hexdump(mb->data, 12);
 
 	mb1 = mballoc(3, cp, Mbreply4);
 	mb1->data[0] = Rnop;	/* your nop was ok */
@@ -1579,13 +1571,13 @@ serve9p1(Msgbuf* mb)
 		assert(cp != nil);
 		if(cp->protocol == nil)
 			return 0;
-		print("9p1: bad M2S conversion\n");
+		fprint(2, "9p1: bad M2S conversion\n");
 		return error9p1(cp, mb);
 	}
 
 	t = fi.type;
 	if(t < 0 || t >= MAXSYSCALL || (t&1) || !call9p1[t]) {
-		print("9p1: bad message type\n");
+		fprint(2, "9p1: bad message type\n");
 		return error9p1(cp, mb);
 	}
 
@@ -1611,16 +1603,16 @@ serve9p1(Msgbuf* mb)
 
 	if(fo.err) {
 		if(cons.flags&errorflag)
-			print("\ttype %d: error: %s\n", t, errstr9p[fo.err]);
+			fprint(2, "\ttype %d: error: %s\n", t, errstr9p[fo.err]);
 		if(CHAT(cp))
-			print("\terror: %s\n", errstr9p[fo.err]);
+			fprint(2, "\terror: %s\n", errstr9p[fo.err]);
 		fo.type = Rerror;
 		strncpy(fo.ename, errstr9p[fo.err], sizeof(fo.ename));
 	}
 
 	n = convS2M9p1(&fo, mb1->data);
 	if(n == 0) {
-		print("9p1: bad S2M conversion\n");
+		fprint(2, "9p1: bad S2M conversion\n");
 		mbfree(mb1);
 		return error9p1(cp, mb);
 	}
diff --git a/sys/src/cmd/cwfs/9p1lib.c b/sys/src/cmd/cwfs/9p1lib.c
index 32072cf33..b6833bfaa 100644
--- a/sys/src/cmd/cwfs/9p1lib.c
+++ b/sys/src/cmd/cwfs/9p1lib.c
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ convS2M9p1(Fcall *f, uchar *ap)
 	SHORT(tag);
 	switch(t) {
 	default:
-		print("convS2M9p1: bad type: %d\n", t);
+		fprint(2, "convS2M9p1: bad type: %d\n", t);
 		return 0;
 
 	case Tnop:
@@ -298,7 +298,7 @@ convM2S9p1(uchar *ap, Fcall *f, int n)
 		 * only whine if it couldn't be a 9P2000 Tversion.
 		 */
 		if(t != 19 || ap[4] != 100)
-			print("convM2S9p1: bad type: %d\n", f->type);
+			fprint(2, "convM2S9p1: bad type: %d\n", f->type);
 		return 0;
 
 	case Tnop:
diff --git a/sys/src/cmd/cwfs/9p2.c b/sys/src/cmd/cwfs/9p2.c
index efcdef37c..aeb7d6190 100644
--- a/sys/src/cmd/cwfs/9p2.c
+++ b/sys/src/cmd/cwfs/9p2.c
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ authorize(Chan* chan, Fcall* f)
 	if(strcmp(f->uname, "none") == 0){
 		uid = strtouid(f->uname);
 		if(db)
-			print("permission granted to none: uid %s = %d\n",
+			fprint(2, "permission granted to none: uid %s = %d\n",
 				f->uname, uid);
 		return uid;
 	}
@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ authorize(Chan* chan, Fcall* f)
 	if(noauth || wstatallow){
 		uid = strtouid(f->uname);
 		if(db)
-			print("permission granted by noauth uid %s = %d\n",
+			fprint(2, "permission granted by noauth uid %s = %d\n",
 				f->uname, uid);
 		return uid;
 	}
@@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ authorize(Chan* chan, Fcall* f)
 	af = filep(chan, f->afid, 0);
 	if(af == nil){
 		if(db)
-			print("authorize: af == nil\n");
+			fprint(2, "authorize: af == nil\n");
 		return -1;
 	}
 
@@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ authorize(Chan* chan, Fcall* f)
 	authread(af, nil, 0);
 	uid = af->uid;
 	if(db)
-		print("authorize: uid is %d\n", uid);
+		fprint(2, "authorize: uid is %d\n", uid);
 	qunlock(af);
 	return uid;
 }
@@ -1707,18 +1707,17 @@ serve9p2(Msgbuf* mb)
 	 * 1 return means i dealt with it, including error
 	 * replies.
 	 */
-	if(convM2S(mb->data, mb->count, &f) != mb->count)
-{
-print("didn't like %d byte message\n", mb->count);
+	if(convM2S(mb->data, mb->count, &f) != mb->count){
+		fprint(2, "didn't like %d byte message\n", mb->count);
 		return 0;
-}
+	}
 	type = f.type;
 	if(type < Tversion || type >= Tmax || (type & 1) || type == Terror)
 		return 0;
 
 	chan = mb->chan;
 	if(CHAT(chan))
-		print("9p2: f %F\n", &f);
+		fprint(2, "9p2: f %F\n", &f);
 	r.type = type+1;
 	r.tag = f.tag;
 	error = 0;
@@ -1786,7 +1785,7 @@ print("didn't like %d byte message\n", mb->count);
 			r.ename = errstr9p[error];
 	}
 	if(CHAT(chan))
-		print("9p2: r %F\n", &r);
+		fprint(2, "9p2: r %F\n", &r);
 
 	rmb = mballoc(chan->msize, chan, Mbreply2);
 	n = convS2M(&r, rmb->data, chan->msize);
@@ -1812,7 +1811,7 @@ print("didn't like %d byte message\n", mb->count);
 			r.ename = ename;
 			n = convS2M(&r, rmb->data, chan->msize);
 		}
-		print("%s\n", r.ename);
+		fprint(2, "%s\n", r.ename);
 		if(n == 0){
 			/*
 			 * What to do here, the failure notification failed?
diff --git a/sys/src/cmd/cwfs/chk.c b/sys/src/cmd/cwfs/chk.c
index 3417536aa..eb50920ff 100644
--- a/sys/src/cmd/cwfs/chk.c
+++ b/sys/src/cmd/cwfs/chk.c
@@ -423,11 +423,9 @@ fsck(Dentry *d)
 		}
 		if(flags & Cpdir) {
 			print("%s\n", name);
-			prflush();
 		}
 	} else if(flags & Cpfile) {
 		print("%s\n", name);
-		prflush();
 	}
 
 	/* check qid */
diff --git a/sys/src/cmd/cwfs/con.c b/sys/src/cmd/cwfs/con.c
index 11fcadf8d..61ab25806 100644
--- a/sys/src/cmd/cwfs/con.c
+++ b/sys/src/cmd/cwfs/con.c
@@ -26,6 +26,9 @@ consserve(void)
 			break;
 		}
 
+	/* switch console output to the cmd pipe */
+	dup(0, 1);
+
 	newproc(consserve1, 0, "con");
 }
 
@@ -35,14 +38,9 @@ consserve1(void *)
 {
 	char *conline;
 
-	for (;;) {
-		do {
-			if ((conline = Brdline(&bin, '\n')) != nil) {
-				conline[Blinelen(&bin)-1] = '\0';
-				print("%s: %s\n", service, conline);
-				cmd_exec(conline);
-			}
-		} while (conline != nil);
+	while(conline = Brdline(&bin, '\n')){
+		conline[Blinelen(&bin)-1] = '\0';
+		cmd_exec(conline);
 	}
 }
 
@@ -112,7 +110,6 @@ cmd_exec(char *arg)
 	for(i=0; s=command[i].arg0; i++)
 		if(strcmp(argv[0], s) == 0) {
 			(*command[i].func)(argc, argv);
-			prflush();
 			return;
 		}
 	print("cmd_exec: unknown command: %s\n", argv[0]);
@@ -319,7 +316,6 @@ cmd_who(int argc, char *argv[])
 		if(cp->whoprint)
 			cp->whoprint(cp);
 		print("\n");
-		prflush();
 	}
 	if(c > 0)
 		print("%d chans not listed\n", c);
@@ -353,7 +349,6 @@ cmd_sync(int, char *[])
 	wlock(&mainlock);	/* sync */
 	sync("command");
 	wunlock(&mainlock);
-	print("\n");
 }
 
 static void
@@ -371,7 +366,6 @@ cmd_help(int argc, char *argv[])
 		}
 	found:
 		print("\t%s %s\n", arg, command[i].help);
-		prflush();
 	}
 }
 
@@ -696,16 +690,14 @@ void
 cmd_noauth(int, char *[])
 {
 	noauth = !noauth;
-	if(noauth)
-		print("authentication is DISABLED\n");
+	print("authentication %s\n", noauth ? "disabled" : "enabled");
 }
 
 void
 cmd_noattach(int, char *[])
 {
 	noattach = !noattach;
-	if(noattach)
-		print("attaches are DISABLED\n");
+	print("attach %s\n", noattach ? "disabled" : "enabled");
 }
 
 void
@@ -731,7 +723,6 @@ cmd_files(int, char *[])
 	for(cp = chans; cp; cp = cp->next)
 		if(cp->nfile) {
 			print("%3d: %5d\n", cp->chan, cp->nfile);
-			prflush();
 			n += cp->nfile;
 		}
 	print("%ld out of %ld files used\n", n, conf.nfile);
diff --git a/sys/src/cmd/cwfs/console.c b/sys/src/cmd/cwfs/console.c
index fdfd77e68..e1bae4886 100644
--- a/sys/src/cmd/cwfs/console.c
+++ b/sys/src/cmd/cwfs/console.c
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ fcall9p1(Chan *cp, Fcall *in, Fcall *ou)
 	rlock(&mainlock);
 	t = in->type;
 	if(t < 0 || t >= MAXSYSCALL || (t&1) || !call9p1[t]) {
-		print("bad message type %d\n", t);
+		fprint(2, "bad message type %d\n", t);
 		panic("");
 	}
 	ou->type = t+1;
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ fcall9p1(Chan *cp, Fcall *in, Fcall *ou)
 	runlock(&cp->reflock);
 
 	if(ou->err && CHAT(cp))
-		print("\terror: %s\n", errstr9p[ou->err]);
+		fprint(2, "\terror: %s\n", errstr9p[ou->err]);
 	runlock(&mainlock);
 }
 
@@ -205,8 +205,8 @@ f_fstat(Chan *cp, Fcall *in, Fcall *ou)
 	int i;
 
 	if(CHAT(cp)) {
-		print("c_fstat %d\n", cp->chan);
-		print("\tfid = %d\n", in->fid);
+		fprint(2, "c_fstat %d\n", cp->chan);
+		fprint(2, "\tfid = %d\n", in->fid);
 	}
 
 	p = 0;
@@ -246,8 +246,8 @@ f_clri(Chan *cp, Fcall *in, Fcall *ou)
 	File *f;
 
 	if(CHAT(cp)) {
-		print("c_clri %d\n", cp->chan);
-		print("\tfid = %d\n", in->fid);
+		fprint(2, "c_clri %d\n", cp->chan);
+		fprint(2, "\tfid = %d\n", in->fid);
 	}
 
 	f = filep(cp, in->fid, 0);
diff --git a/sys/src/cmd/cwfs/cw.c b/sys/src/cmd/cwfs/cw.c
index 579edd887..6b782499a 100644
--- a/sys/src/cmd/cwfs/cw.c
+++ b/sys/src/cmd/cwfs/cw.c
@@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ dumpblock(Device *dev)
 	}
 	if(cw->ncopy){
 		if(chatty)
-			print("%lld blocks copied to worm\n", (Wideoff)cw->ncopy);
+			fprint(2, "%lld blocks copied to worm\n", (Wideoff)cw->ncopy);
 		cw->ncopy = 0;
 	}
 	cw->nodump = 1;
@@ -370,7 +370,7 @@ stop1:
 stop:
 	putbuf(p1);
 	putbuf(p);
-	print("stopping dump!!\n");
+	fprint(2, "stopping dump!!\n");
 	cw->nodump = 1;
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -425,7 +425,7 @@ cwinit(Device *dev)
 	m = h->wsize;
 	if(l != m) {
 		if(chatty)
-			print("wdev changed size %lld to %lld\n",
+			fprint(2, "wdev changed size %lld to %lld\n",
 				(Wideoff)m, (Wideoff)l);
 		h->wsize = l;
 		cb->flags |= Bmod;
@@ -521,13 +521,13 @@ roread(Device *dev, Off b, void *c)
 		s = cwio(d, b, c, Oread);
 		if(s == Cdump || s == Cdump1 || s == Cread) {
 			if(cons.flags & roflag)
-				print("roread: %Z %lld -> %Z(hit)\n",
+				fprint(2, "roread: %Z %lld -> %Z(hit)\n",
 					dev, (Wideoff)b, d);
 			return 0;
 		}
 	}
 	if(cons.flags & roflag)
-		print("roread: %Z %lld -> %Z(miss)\n",
+		fprint(2, "roread: %Z %lld -> %Z(miss)\n",
 			dev, (Wideoff)b, WDEV(d));
 	return devread(WDEV(d), b, c);
 }
@@ -726,7 +726,7 @@ cwio(Device *dev, Off addr, void *buf, int opcode)
 		break;
 	}
 	if(chatty > 1)
-		print("cwio: %Z %lld s=%s o=%s ns=%s\n",
+		fprint(2, "cwio: %Z %lld s=%s o=%s ns=%s\n",
 			dev, (Wideoff)addr, cwnames[state],
 			cwnames[opcode],
 			cwnames[c->state]);
@@ -1163,7 +1163,7 @@ rewalk1(Cw *cw, Off addr, int slot, Wpath *up)
 		return addr;
 	}
 	if(chatty > 1)
-		print("rewalk1 %lld to %lld \"%s\"\n",
+		fprint(2, "rewalk1 %lld to %lld \"%s\"\n",
 			(Wideoff)addr, (Wideoff)p1->addr, d->name);
 	addr = p1->addr;
 	p1->flags |= Bmod;
@@ -1197,7 +1197,7 @@ rewalk2(Cw *cw, Off addr, int slot, Wpath *up)
 		return addr;
 	}
 	if(chatty > 1)
-		print("rewalk2 %lld to %lld \"%s\"\n",
+		fprint(2, "rewalk2 %lld to %lld \"%s\"\n",
 			(Wideoff)addr, (Wideoff)p1->addr, d->name);
 	addr = p1->addr;
 	putbuf(p1);
@@ -1309,7 +1309,7 @@ cwrecur(Cw *cw, Off addr, int tag, int tag1, long qp)
 	if(!isdirty(cw, p, addr, tag)) {
 		if(!cw->all) {
 			if(chatty > 1)
-				print("cwrecur: %lld t=%s not dirty %s\n",
+				fprint(2, "cwrecur: %lld t=%s not dirty %s\n",
 					(Wideoff)addr, tagnames[tag], cw->name);
 			if(p)
 				putbuf(p);
@@ -1318,7 +1318,7 @@ cwrecur(Cw *cw, Off addr, int tag, int tag1, long qp)
 		shouldstop = 1;
 	}
 	if(chatty > 1)
-		print("cwrecur: %lld t=%s %s\n",
+		fprint(2, "cwrecur: %lld t=%s %s\n",
 			(Wideoff)addr, tagnames[tag], cw->name);
 	if(cw->depth >= 100) {
 		fprint(2, "dump depth too great %s\n", cw->name);
@@ -1489,14 +1489,14 @@ cfsdump(Filsys *fs)
 	cw->fsize = cwsize(cw->dev);
 	orba = cwraddr(cw->dev);
 	if(chatty)
-		print("cwroot %lld", (Wideoff)orba);
+		fprint(2, "cwroot %lld", (Wideoff)orba);
 	cons.noage = 1;
 	cw->all = cw->allflag;
 	rba = cwrecur(cw, orba, Tsuper, 0, QPROOT);
 	if(rba == 0)
 		rba = orba;
 	if(chatty)
-		print("->%lld\n", (Wideoff)rba);
+		fprint(2, "->%lld\n", (Wideoff)rba);
 	sync("after cw");
 
 	/*
@@ -1606,7 +1606,7 @@ found:
 	cw->fsize = cwsize(cw->dev);
 	oroa = cwraddr(cw->rodev);		/* probably redundant */
 	if(chatty)
-		print("roroot %lld", (Wideoff)oroa);
+		fprint(2, "roroot %lld", (Wideoff)oroa);
 
 	cons.noage = 0;
 	cw->all = 0;
@@ -1614,7 +1614,7 @@ found:
 	if(roa == 0)
 		roa = oroa;
 	if(chatty)
-		print("->%lld /%.4s/%s\n", (Wideoff)roa, tstr, tstr+4);
+		fprint(2, "->%lld /%.4s/%s\n", (Wideoff)roa, tstr, tstr+4);
 	sync("after ro");
 
 	/*
@@ -1622,7 +1622,7 @@ found:
 	 */
 	a = cwsaddr(cw->dev);
 	if(chatty)
-		print("sblock %lld", (Wideoff)a);
+		fprint(2, "sblock %lld", (Wideoff)a);
 	p = getbuf(cw->dev, a, Brd|Bmod|Bimm);
 	s = (Superb*)p->iobuf;
 	s->last = a;
@@ -1636,7 +1636,7 @@ found:
 	cwio(cw->dev, sba, p->iobuf, Owrite);
 	cwio(cw->dev, sba, 0, Odump);
 	if(chatty)
-		print("->%lld (->%lld)\n", (Wideoff)sba, (Wideoff)s->next);
+		fprint(2, "->%lld (->%lld)\n", (Wideoff)sba, (Wideoff)s->next);
 
 	putbuf(p);
 
@@ -1654,8 +1654,8 @@ found:
 	sync("all done");
 
 	if(chatty){
-		print("%lld blocks queued for worm\n", (Wideoff)cw->ndump);
-		print("%lld falsehits\n", (Wideoff)cw->falsehits);
+		fprint(2, "%lld blocks queued for worm\n", (Wideoff)cw->ndump);
+		fprint(2, "%lld falsehits\n", (Wideoff)cw->falsehits);
 	}
 	cw->nodump = 0;
 
diff --git a/sys/src/cmd/cwfs/dentry.c b/sys/src/cmd/cwfs/dentry.c
index 35f6a38aa..e34090e4c 100644
--- a/sys/src/cmd/cwfs/dentry.c
+++ b/sys/src/cmd/cwfs/dentry.c
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ rel2abs(Iobuf *p, Dentry *d, Off a, int tag, int putb, int uid)
 	Device *dev;
 
 	if(a < 0) {
-		print("rel2abs: neg offset\n");
+		fprint(2, "rel2abs: neg offset\n");
 		if(putb)
 			putbuf(p);
 		return 0;
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ rel2abs(Iobuf *p, Dentry *d, Off a, int tag, int putb, int uid)
 		putbuf(p);
 
 	/* quintuple-indirect blocks not implemented. */
-	print("rel2abs: no %d-deep indirect\n", NIBLOCK+1);
+	fprint(2, "rel2abs: no %d-deep indirect\n", NIBLOCK+1);
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -186,10 +186,10 @@ indfetch(Device* d, Off qpath, Off addr, Off a, int itag, int tag, int uid)
 	bp = getbuf(d, addr, Brd);
 	if(!bp || checktag(bp, itag, qpath)) {
 		if(!bp) {
-			print("ind fetch bp = 0\n");
+			fprint(2, "ind fetch bp = 0\n");
 			return 0;
 		}
-		print("ind fetch tag\n");
+		fprint(2, "ind fetch tag\n");
 		putbuf(bp);
 		return 0;
 	}
diff --git a/sys/src/cmd/cwfs/fworm.c b/sys/src/cmd/cwfs/fworm.c
index ccfd53410..5cc20a36c 100644
--- a/sys/src/cmd/cwfs/fworm.c
+++ b/sys/src/cmd/cwfs/fworm.c
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ fwormread(Device *d, Off b, void *c)
 	Devsize l;
 
 	if(chatty > 1)
-		print("fworm read  %lld\n", (Wideoff)b);
+		fprint(2, "fworm read  %lld\n", (Wideoff)b);
 	fdev = FDEV(d);
 	l = devsize(fdev);
 	l -= l/(BUFSIZE*8) + 1;
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ fwormwrite(Device *d, Off b, void *c)
 	Devsize l;
 
 	if(chatty > 1)
-		print("fworm write %lld\n", (Wideoff)b);
+		fprint(2, "fworm write %lld\n", (Wideoff)b);
 	fdev = FDEV(d);
 	l = devsize(fdev);
 	l -= l/(BUFSIZE*8) + 1;
diff --git a/sys/src/cmd/cwfs/iobuf.c b/sys/src/cmd/cwfs/iobuf.c
index c73f65aed..a48c7ace5 100644
--- a/sys/src/cmd/cwfs/iobuf.c
+++ b/sys/src/cmd/cwfs/iobuf.c
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ getbuf(Device *d, Off addr, int flag)
 	Off h;
 
 	if(chatty > 1)
-		print("getbuf %Z(%lld) f=%x\n", d, (Wideoff)addr, flag);
+		fprint(2, "getbuf %Z(%lld) f=%x\n", d, (Wideoff)addr, flag);
 	h = addr + (Off)(uintptr)d*1009;
 	if(h < 0)
 		h = ~h;
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ sync(char *reason)
 	long i;
 
 	if(chatty)
-		print("sync: %s\n", reason);
+		fprint(2, "sync: %s\n", reason);
 	for(i=10*nhiob; i>0; i--)
 		if(!syncblock())
 			return;
diff --git a/sys/src/cmd/cwfs/juke.c b/sys/src/cmd/cwfs/juke.c
index d552a324b..25b916cfe 100644
--- a/sys/src/cmd/cwfs/juke.c
+++ b/sys/src/cmd/cwfs/juke.c
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ wormlabel(Device *d, Side *v)
 		panic("wrong ordinal in label");
 	}
 	if(chatty)
-		print("label %Z ordinal %d\n", d, v->ord);
+		fprint(2, "label %Z ordinal %d\n", d, v->ord);
 	qunlock(v);
 	/*
 	 * wormunit should return without calling us again,
@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ wormunit(Device *d)			/* d is l0 or r2 (e.g.) */
 			delay(100);
 		}
 		if(chatty)
-			print("\tload   r%ld drive %Z\n", v-w->side, w->drive[drive]);
+			fprint(2, "\tload   r%ld drive %Z\n", v-w->side, w->drive[drive]);
 		if(mmove(w, w->mt0, v->elem, w->dt0+drive, v->rot)) {
 			qunlock(w);
 			goto sbad;
@@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ wormunit(Device *d)			/* d is l0 or r2 (e.g.) */
 	v->block = inqsize(dr->wren.sddata);
 	if(v->block <= 0) {
 		if(chatty)
-			print("\twormunit %Z block size %ld, setting to %d\n",
+			fprint(2, "\twormunit %Z block size %ld, setting to %d\n",
 				d, v->block, Sectorsz);
 		v->block = Sectorsz;
 	}
@@ -278,11 +278,11 @@ wormunit(Device *d)			/* d is l0 or r2 (e.g.) */
 	v->max = (v->nblock + 1) / v->mult;
 
 	if(chatty){
-		print("\tworm %Z: drive %Z (juke drive %d)\n",
+		fprint(2, "\tworm %Z: drive %Z (juke drive %d)\n",
 			d, w->drive[v->drive], v->drive);
-		print("\t\t%,ld %ld-byte sectors, ", v->nblock, v->block);
-		print("%,ld %d-byte blocks\n", v->max, RBUFSIZE);
-		print("\t\t%ld multiplier\n", v->mult);
+		fprint(2, "\t\t%,ld %ld-byte sectors, ", v->nblock, v->block);
+		fprint(2, "%,ld %d-byte blocks\n", v->max, RBUFSIZE);
+		fprint(2, "\t\t%ld multiplier\n", v->mult);
 	}
 	if(d->type == Devlworm)
 		return wormlabel(d, v);
@@ -325,7 +325,7 @@ waitready(Juke *w, Device *d)
 	rv = 0;
 	for(e=0; e < 100; e++) {
 		if(e == 10 && chatty)
-			print("waitready: waiting for %s to exist\n", datanm);
+			fprint(2, "waitready: waiting for %s to exist\n", datanm);
 		if(access(datanm, AEXIST) >= 0){
 			rv = 1;
 			break;
@@ -398,7 +398,7 @@ loop:
 				goto loop;
 			}
 			if(chatty)
-				print("\tunload r%ld drive %Z\n",
+				fprint(2, "\tunload r%ld drive %Z\n",
 					v-w->side, w->drive[drive]);
 			if(mmove(w, w->mt0, w->dt0+drive, v->elem, v->rot)) {
 				qunlock(v);
@@ -472,7 +472,7 @@ devtojuke(Device *d, Device *top)
 			 * but we're not supposed to get here.
 			 */
 			if(chatty)
-				print("devtojuke: (l)worm %Z of %Z encountered\n", d, top);
+				fprint(2, "devtojuke: (l)worm %Z of %Z encountered\n", d, top);
 			/* FALL THROUGH */
 		case Devwren:
 			return nil;
@@ -731,17 +731,17 @@ mmove(Juke *w, int trans, int from, int to, int rot)
 		cmd[10] = 1;
 	s = scsiio(w->juke, SCSInone, cmd, sizeof cmd, buf, 0);	/* mmove */
 	if(s) {
-		print("scsio status #%x\n", s);
-		print("move medium t=%d fr=%d to=%d rot=%d\n",
+		fprint(2, "scsio status #%x\n", s);
+		fprint(2, "move medium t=%d fr=%d to=%d rot=%d\n",
 			trans, from, to, rot);
 //		panic("mmove");
 		if(recur == 0) {
 			recur = 1;
-			print("element from=%d\n", from);
+			fprint(2, "element from=%d\n", from);
 			element(w, from);
-			print("element to=%d\n", to);
+			fprint(2, "element to=%d\n", to);
 			element(w, to);
-			print("element trans=%d\n", trans);
+			fprint(2, "element trans=%d\n", trans);
 			element(w, trans);
 			recur = 0;
 		}
@@ -787,12 +787,11 @@ geometry(Juke *w)
 
 	w->rot = buf[4+2] & 1;
 
-	print("\tmt %d %d\n", w->mt0, w->nmt);
-	print("\tse %d %d\n", w->se0, w->nse);
-	print("\tie %d %d\n", w->ie0, w->nie);
-	print("\tdt %d %d\n", w->dt0, w->ndt);
-	print("\trot %d\n", w->rot);
-	prflush();
+	fprint(2, "\tmt %d %d\n", w->mt0, w->nmt);
+	fprint(2, "\tse %d %d\n", w->se0, w->nse);
+	fprint(2, "\tie %d %d\n", w->ie0, w->nie);
+	fprint(2, "\tdt %d %d\n", w->dt0, w->ndt);
+	fprint(2, "\trot %d\n", w->rot);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -862,7 +861,7 @@ element(Juke *w, int e)
 		if(s < 0 || s >= w->nie)
 			goto bad;
 		if(chatty)
-			print("import/export %d #%.2x %d.%d\n", s,
+			fprint(2, "import/export %d #%.2x %d.%d\n", s,
 				buf[8+8+2],
 				(buf[8+8+10]<<8) | buf[8+8+11],
 				(buf[8+8+9]>>6) & 1);
@@ -872,7 +871,7 @@ element(Juke *w, int e)
 		if(s < 0 || s >= w->ndt)
 			goto bad;
 		if(chatty)
-			print("data transfer %d #%.2x %d.%d\n", s,
+			fprint(2, "data transfer %d #%.2x %d.%d\n", s,
 				buf[8+8+2],
 				(buf[8+8+10]<<8) | buf[8+8+11],
 				(buf[8+8+9]>>6) & 1);
@@ -893,7 +892,7 @@ element(Juke *w, int e)
 				goto bad;
 			}
 			if(chatty)
-				print("r%d in drive %d\n", t, s);
+				fprint(2, "r%d in drive %d\n", t, s);
 			if(mmove(w, w->mt0, w->dt0+s, w->se0+t,(buf[8+8+9]>>6) & 1)){
 				fprint(2, "mmove initial unload\n");
 				goto bad;
@@ -1174,7 +1173,7 @@ querychanger(Device *xdev)
 	jukelist = w;
 
 	if(chatty)
-		print("alloc juke %Z\n", xdev);
+		fprint(2, "alloc juke %Z\n", xdev);
 
 	qlock(w);
 	qunlock(w);
@@ -1208,7 +1207,7 @@ querychanger(Device *xdev)
 	w->ndrive = w->ndt;
 	if(w->ndrive > MAXDRIVE) {
 		if(chatty)
-			print("ndrives truncated to %d\n", MAXDRIVE);
+			fprint(2, "ndrives truncated to %d\n", MAXDRIVE);
 		w->ndrive = MAXDRIVE;
 	}
 
@@ -1320,7 +1319,7 @@ wormprobe(void)
 			if(v->status == Sstart && t > v->time) {
 				drive = v->drive;
 				if(chatty)
-					print("\ttime   r%ld drive %Z\n",
+					fprint(2, "\ttime   r%ld drive %Z\n",
 						v-w->side, w->drive[drive]);
 				mmove(w, w->mt0, w->dt0+drive, v->elem, v->rot);
 				v->status = Sunload;
diff --git a/sys/src/cmd/cwfs/main.c b/sys/src/cmd/cwfs/main.c
index a3c8d49f7..8f6f2a8e5 100644
--- a/sys/src/cmd/cwfs/main.c
+++ b/sys/src/cmd/cwfs/main.c
@@ -15,38 +15,6 @@ machinit(void)
 	active.exiting = 0;
 }
 
-/*
- * Put a string on the console.
- */
-void
-puts(char *s, int n)
-{
-	print("%.*s", n, s);
-}
-
-void
-prflush(void)
-{
-}
-
-/*
- * Print a string on the console.
- */
-void
-putstrn(char *str, int n)
-{
-	puts(str, n);
-}
-
-/*
- * get a character from the console
- */
-int
-getc(void)
-{
-	return Bgetrune(&bin);
-}
-
 void
 panic(char *fmt, ...)
 {
@@ -191,7 +159,7 @@ postservice(void)
 	if(pipe(p) < 0)
 		panic("can't make a pipe");
 	snprint(buf, sizeof(buf), "#s/%s.cmd", service);
-	srvfd(buf, 0220, p[0]);
+	srvfd(buf, 0660, p[0]);
 	close(p[0]);
 
 	/* use it as stdin */
@@ -508,7 +476,7 @@ serve(void *)
 					break;
 				}
 			if(cp->protocol == nil && (chatty > 1)){
-				print("no protocol for message\n");
+				fprint(2, "no protocol for message\n");
 				hexdump(mb->data, 12);
 			}
 		} else
@@ -528,7 +496,7 @@ exit(void)
 	active.exiting = 1;
 	unlock(&active);
 
-	print("halted at %T.\n", time(nil));
+	fprint(2, "halted at %T.\n", time(nil));
 	postnote(PNGROUP, getpid(), "die");
 	exits(nil);
 }
@@ -548,7 +516,7 @@ nextdump(Timet t)
 	Timet nddate = nextime(t+MINUTE(100), DUMPTIME, WEEKMASK);
 
 	if(!conf.nodump && chatty)
-		print("next dump at %T\n", nddate);
+		fprint(2, "next dump at %T\n", nddate);
 	return nddate;
 }
 
@@ -583,7 +551,7 @@ wormcopy(void *)
 			ntoytime = time(nil) + HOUR(1);
 		else if(t > nddate) {
 			if(!conf.nodump) {
-				print("automatic dump %T\n", t);
+				fprint(2, "automatic dump %T\n", t);
 				for(fs=filsys; fs->name; fs++)
 					if(fs->dev->type == Devcw)
 						cfsdump(fs);
diff --git a/sys/src/cmd/cwfs/mworm.c b/sys/src/cmd/cwfs/mworm.c
index 407ad6a09..75159afc5 100644
--- a/sys/src/cmd/cwfs/mworm.c
+++ b/sys/src/cmd/cwfs/mworm.c
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ mcatread(Device *d, Off b, void *c)
 			return devread(x, b-l, c);
 		l += m;
 	}
-	print("mcatread past end: %Z block %lld, %lld beyond end\n",
+	fprint(2, "mcatread past end: %Z block %lld, %lld beyond end\n",
 		d, (Wideoff)b, (Wideoff)l);
 	return 1;
 }
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ mcatwrite(Device *d, Off b, void *c)
 			return devwrite(x, b-l, c);
 		l += m;
 	}
-	print("mcatwrite past end: %Z block %lld, %lld beyond end\n",
+	fprint(2, "mcatwrite past end: %Z block %lld, %lld beyond end\n",
 		d, (Wideoff)b, (Wideoff)l);
 	return 1;
 }
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ partread(Device *d, Off b, void *c)
 		size = l*100;
 	if(b < size)
 		return devread(d->part.d, base+b, c);
-	print("partread past end: %Z blk %lld size %lld\n",
+	fprint(2, "partread past end: %Z blk %lld size %lld\n",
 		d, (Wideoff)b, (Wideoff)size);
 	return 1;
 }
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ partwrite(Device *d, Off b, void *c)
 		size = l*100;
 	if(b < size)
 		return devwrite(d->part.d, base+b, c);
-	print("partwrite past end: %Z blk %lld size %lld\n",
+	fprint(2, "partwrite past end: %Z blk %lld size %lld\n",
 		d, (Wideoff)b, (Wideoff)size);
 	return 1;
 }
@@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ mirrread(Device *d, Off b, void *c)
 	Device *x;
 
 	if (d->cat.first == nil) {
-		print("mirrread: empty mirror %Z\n", d);
+		fprint(2, "mirrread: empty mirror %Z\n", d);
 		return 1;
 	}
 	for(x=d->cat.first; x; x=x->link) {
@@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ mirrread(Device *d, Off b, void *c)
 			return 0;
 	}
 	// DANGER WILL ROBINSON
-	print("mirrread: all mirrors of %Z block %lld are bad\n",
+	fprint(2, "mirrread: all mirrors of %Z block %lld are bad\n",
 		d, (Wideoff)b);
 	return 1;
 }
@@ -268,7 +268,7 @@ ewrite(Device *x, Off b, void *c)
 	if(x->size == 0)
 		x->size = devsize(x);
 	if (devwrite(x, b, c) != 0) {
-		print("mirrwrite: error at %Z block %lld\n", x, (Wideoff)b);
+		fprint(2, "mirrwrite: error at %Z block %lld\n", x, (Wideoff)b);
 		return 1;
 	}
 	return 0;
@@ -289,7 +289,7 @@ int
 mirrwrite(Device *d, Off b, void *c)
 {
 	if (d->cat.first == nil) {
-		print("mirrwrite: empty mirror %Z\n", d);
+		fprint(2, "mirrwrite: empty mirror %Z\n", d);
 		return 1;
 	}
 	return wrmirrs1st(d->cat.first, b, c);
diff --git a/sys/src/cmd/cwfs/net.c b/sys/src/cmd/cwfs/net.c
index e8df40302..9733abaf2 100644
--- a/sys/src/cmd/cwfs/net.c
+++ b/sys/src/cmd/cwfs/net.c
@@ -54,8 +54,6 @@ neti(void *v)
 	Network *net;
 
 	net = v;
-	if(chatty)
-		print("net%di\n", net->ctlrno);
 	for(;;) {
 		if((lisfd = listen(net->anndir, net->lisdir)) < 0){
 			fprint(2, "listen %s failed: %r\n", net->anndir);
diff --git a/sys/src/cmd/cwfs/portfns.h b/sys/src/cmd/cwfs/portfns.h
index 55706958d..eac4cafa0 100644
--- a/sys/src/cmd/cwfs/portfns.h
+++ b/sys/src/cmd/cwfs/portfns.h
@@ -90,7 +90,6 @@ int	fwormread(Device*, Off, void*);
 int	fwormwrite(Device*, Off, void*);
 Iobuf*	getbuf(Device*, Off, int);
 char*	getwrd(char*, char*);
-int	getc(void);
 Dentry*	getdir(Iobuf*, int);
 Chan*	getlcp(uchar*, long);
 Off	getraddr(Device*);
@@ -163,13 +162,11 @@ Devsize	partsize(Device*);
 int	partwrite(Device*, Off, void*);
 void	prdate(void);
 void	preread(Device*, Off);
-void	prflush(void);
 int	prime(vlong);
 void	printinit(void);
 void	procinit(void);
 void	procsetname(char *fmt, ...);
 void	putbuf(Iobuf*);
-void	putstrn(char *str, int n);
 Off	qidpathgen(Device*);
 void	qlock(QLock*);
 void*	querychanger(Device *);
@@ -196,7 +193,6 @@ int	serve9p1(Msgbuf*);
 int	serve9p2(Msgbuf*);
 void	settag(Iobuf*, int, long);
 void	settime(Timet);
-void	startprint(void);
 int	strtouid(char*);
 Off	superaddr(Device*);
 void	superream(Device*, Off);
diff --git a/sys/src/cmd/cwfs/scsi.c b/sys/src/cmd/cwfs/scsi.c
index f6929fcc0..3e4c90d3b 100644
--- a/sys/src/cmd/cwfs/scsi.c
+++ b/sys/src/cmd/cwfs/scsi.c
@@ -279,14 +279,14 @@ scsireqsense(Target* tp, char lun, int* nbytes, int quiet)
 buggery:
 	if(quiet == 0){
 		s = key[sense[2]&0x0F];
-		print("%s: reqsense: '%s' code #%2.2ux #%2.2ux\n",
+		fprint(2, "%s: reqsense: '%s' code #%2.2ux #%2.2ux\n",
 			tp->id, s, sense[12], sense[13]);
-		print("%s: byte 2: #%2.2ux, bytes 15-17: #%2.2ux #%2.2ux #%2.2ux\n",
+		fprint(2, "%s: byte 2: #%2.2ux, bytes 15-17: #%2.2ux #%2.2ux #%2.2ux\n",
 			tp->id, sense[2], sense[15], sense[16], sense[17]);
-		print("lastcmd (%d): ", lastcmdsz);
+		fprint(2, "lastcmd (%d): ", lastcmdsz);
 		for(n = 0; n < lastcmdsz; n++)
-			print(" #%2.2ux", lastcmd[n]);
-		print("\n");
+			fprint(2, " #%2.2ux", lastcmd[n]);
+		fprint(2, "\n");
 	}
 
 	return STcheck;
@@ -321,7 +321,7 @@ scsiprobe(Device* d)
 again:
 	s = scsitest(tp, d->wren.lun);
 	if(s < STok){
-		print("%s: test, status %d\n", tp->id, s);
+		fprint(2, "%s: test, status %d\n", tp->id, s);
 		return;
 	}
 
@@ -350,7 +350,7 @@ again:
 			if(sense[12] == 0x3A)
 				break;
 			if(sense[12] == 0x04 && sense[13] == 0x02){
-				print("%s: starting...\n", tp->id);
+				fprint(2, "%s: starting...\n", tp->id);
 				if(scsistart(tp, d->wren.lun, 1) == STok)
 					break;
 				s = scsireqsense(tp, d->wren.lun, &nbytes, 0);
@@ -358,7 +358,7 @@ again:
 		}
 		/*FALLTHROUGH*/
 	default:
-		print("%s: unavailable, status %d\n", tp->id, s);
+		fprint(2, "%s: unavailable, status %d\n", tp->id, s);
 		return;
 	}
 
@@ -368,10 +368,10 @@ again:
 	 */
 	s = scsiinquiry(tp, d->wren.lun, &nbytes);
 	if(s != STok) {
-		print("%s: inquiry failed, status %d\n", tp->id, s);
+		fprint(2, "%s: inquiry failed, status %d\n", tp->id, s);
 		return;
 	}
-	print("%s: %s\n", tp->id, (char*)tp->inquiry+8);
+	fprint(2, "%s: %s\n", tp->id, (char*)tp->inquiry+8);
 	tp->ok = 1;
 }
 
@@ -408,7 +408,7 @@ scsiio(Device* d, int rw, uchar* cmd, int cbytes, void* data, int dbytes)
 			break;
 	}
 	if(e)
-		print("%s: retry %d cmd #%x\n", tp->id, e, cmd[0]);
+		fprint(2, "%s: retry %d cmd #%x\n", tp->id, e, cmd[0]);
 	return s;
 }
 
diff --git a/sys/src/cmd/cwfs/srv.c b/sys/src/cmd/cwfs/srv.c
index 69f314383..813ac8337 100644
--- a/sys/src/cmd/cwfs/srv.c
+++ b/sys/src/cmd/cwfs/srv.c
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ chanhangup(Chan *chan, char *msg)
 	if(chan == cons.chan || srv == nil || srv->chan != chan)
 		return;
 	if(msg[0] && chatty)
-		print("hangup %s: %s\n", chan->whochan, msg);
+		fprint(2, "hangup %s: %s\n", chan->whochan, msg);
 	if(fd2path(srv->fd, buf, sizeof(buf)) == 0){
 		if(p = strrchr(buf, '/')){
 			strecpy(p, buf+sizeof(buf), "/ctl");
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ srvput(Srv *srv)
 	chan = srv->chan;
 	fileinit(chan);
 	if(chatty)
-		print("%s closed\n", chan->whochan);
+		fprint(2, "%s closed\n", chan->whochan);
 	lock(&freechans);
 	srv->chan = freechans.hd;
 	freechans.hd = chan;
diff --git a/sys/src/cmd/cwfs/sub.c b/sys/src/cmd/cwfs/sub.c
index d5c53b35e..308637d4f 100644
--- a/sys/src/cmd/cwfs/sub.c
+++ b/sys/src/cmd/cwfs/sub.c
@@ -836,7 +836,7 @@ mbfree(Msgbuf *mb)
 	if (mb->magic != Mbmagic)
 		panic("mbfree: bad magic 0x%lux", mb->magic);
 	if(mb->flags & BTRACE)
-		print("mbfree: BTRACE cat=%d flags=%ux, caller %#p\n",
+		fprint(2, "mbfree: BTRACE cat=%d flags=%ux, caller %#p\n",
 			mb->category, mb->flags, getcallerpc(&mb));
 
 	if(mb->flags & FREE)
@@ -909,12 +909,12 @@ hexdump(void *a, int n)
 		sprint(s2, " %.2ux", p[i]);
 		strcat(s1, s2);
 		if((i&7) == 7) {
-			print("%s\n", s1);
+			fprint(2, "%s\n", s1);
 			s1[0] = 0;
 		}
 	}
 	if(s1[0])
-		print("%s\n", s1);
+		fprint(2, "%s\n", s1);
 }
 
 void*