plan9fox/sys/man/2/pushtls

.TH PUSHTLS 2
.SH NAME
pushtls, tlsClient, tlsServer, initThumbprints, freeThumbprints, okThumbprint, readcert, readcertchain \- attach TLS1 or SSL3 encryption to a communication channel
.SH SYNOPSIS
.B #include <u.h>
.br
.B #include <libc.h>
.PP
.nf
.B
int	pushtls(int fd, char *hashalg, char *encalg,
.B
		int isclient, char *secret, char *dir)
.PP
.nf
.B #include <mp.h>
.B #include <libsec.h>
.PP
.B
int	tlsClient(int fd, TLSconn *conn)
.PP
.B
int	tlsServer(int fd, TLSconn *conn)
.PP
.B
uchar *readcert(char *filename, int *pcertlen)
.PP
.B
PEMchain *readcertchain(char *filename)
.PP
.B
Thumbprint *initThumbprints(char *ok, char *crl)
.PP
.B
void	freeThumbprints(Thumbprint *table)
.PP
.B
int	okThumbprint(uchar *hash, Thumbprint *table)
.SH DESCRIPTION
Transport Layer Security (TLS) comprises a record layer protocol,
doing message digesting and encrypting in the kernel,
and a handshake protocol,
doing initial authentication and secret creation at
user level and then starting a data channel in the record protocol.
TLS is nearly the same as SSL 3.0, and the software should interoperate
with implementations of either standard.
.PP
To use just the record layer, as described in
.IR tls (3),
call
.I pushtls
to open the record layer device, connect to the communications channel
.IR fd ,
and start up encryption and message authentication as specified
in
.IR hashalg ,
.IR encalg ,
and
.IR secret .
These parameters must have been arranged at the two ends of the
conversation by other means.
For example,
.I hashalg
could be
.BR sha1 ,
.I encalg
could be
.BR rc4_128 ,
and
.I secret
could be the base-64 encoding of two (client-to-server and server-to-client)
20-byte digest keys and two corresponding 16-byte encryption keys.
.I Pushtls
returns a file descriptor for the TLS data channel.  Anything written to this
descriptor will get encrypted and authenticated and then written to the
file descriptor,
.IR fd .
.I Pushtls ,
.IR tlsClient
and
.IR tlsServer
close the original file descriptor on success.
If
.I dir
is non-zero, the path name of the connection directory is copied into
.IR dir .
This path name is guaranteed to be less than 40 bytes long.
.SS Certificates
.\" and other horseshit
Alternatively, call
.I tlsClient
to speak the full handshake protocol,
negotiate the algorithms and secrets,
and return a new data file descriptor for the data channel.
.I Conn
points to a (caller-allocated) struct:
.IP
.EX
typedef struct TLSconn {
	char	dir[40];		/* OUT    connection directory */
	uchar *cert;		/* IN/OUT certificate */
	uchar *sessionID;	/* IN/OUT session ID */
	uchar *psk;		/* opt IN pre-shared key */
	int	certlen, sessionIDlen, psklen;
	int	(*trace)(char*fmt, ...);
	PEMChain *chain;
	char	*sessionType;	/* opt IN  session type */
	uchar *sessionKey;	/* opt IN/OUT session key */
	int	sessionKeylen;	/* opt IN  session key length */
	char	*sessionConst;	/* opt IN  session constant */
	char	*serverName;	/* opt IN  server name */
	char	*pskID;		/* opt IN  pre-shared key ID */
} TLSconn;
.EE
.PP
defined in
.IR libsec.h .
On input, the caller can provide options such as
.IR cert ,
the local certificate, and
.IR sessionID ,
used by a client to resume a previously negotiated security association.
On output, the connection directory is set, as with
.B listen
(see
.IR dial (2)).
The input
.I cert
is freed and a freshly allocated copy of the remote's certificate
is returned in
.IR conn ,
to be checked by the caller
according to its needs.
One way to check the remote certificate is to use
.I initThumbprints
and
.I freeThumbprints
which allocate and free, respectively, a table of hashes
from files of known trusted and revoked certificates.
.I okThumbprint
confirms that a particular hash is in the table.
.PP
.I TlsClient
will optionally compute a session key for use
by higher-level protocols.
To compute a session key, the caller must set
.I sessionType
to a known session type;
.I sessionKeylen
to the desired key length;
.I sessionKey
to a buffer of length
.IR sessionKeylen ;
and
.I sessionConst
to the desired salting constant.
The only supported session type is
.BR ttls ,
as used by 802.1x.
.PP
.I TlsServer
executes the server side of the handshake.
The caller must initialize
.IB conn ->cert \fR,
usually by calling
.I readcert
to read and decode the PEM-encoded certificate from
.IR filename ,
return a pointer to
.IR malloc ed
storage containing the certificate,
and store its length through
.IR pcertlen .
The private key corresponding to
.I cert.pem
should have been previously loaded into factotum.
(See
.IR rsa (8)
for more about key generation.)
.PP
.I Readcertchain
will read a PEM-encoded chain of certificates from
.I filename
and return a pointer to a linked list of
.IR malloc ed
.B PEMChain
structures, defined in
.IR libsec.h :
.IP
.EX
typedef struct PEMChain PEMChain;
struct PEMChain {
	PEMChain*next;
	uchar *pem;
	int	pemlen;
};
.EE
.LP
By setting
.IP
.EX
conn->chain = readcertchain("intermediate-certs.pem");
.EE
.LP
the server can present extra certificate evidence
to establish the chain of trust to a root authority
known to the client.
.PP
.I Conn
is not required for the ongoing conversation and may
be freed by the application whenever convenient.
.SH EXAMPLES
Start the client half of TLS and check the remote certificate:
.IP
.EX
uchar hash[SHA1dlen];

conn = (TLSconn*)mallocz(sizeof *conn, 1);
fd = tlsClient(fd, conn);
sha1(conn->cert, conn->certlen, hash, nil);
if(!okThumbprint(hash,table))
	exits("suspect server");
\fI...application begins...\fP
.EE
.PP
Run the server side:
.IP
.EX
fd = accept(lcfd, ldir);
conn = (TLSconn*)mallocz(sizeof *conn, 1);
conn->cert = readcert("cert.pem", &conn->certlen);
fd = tlsServer(fd, conn);
\fI...application begins...\fP
.EE
.SH FILES
.TF /sys/lib/tls
.TP 
.B /sys/lib/tls
thumbprints of trusted services
.TP 
.B /sys/lib/ssl
PEM certificate files
.SH SOURCE
.B /sys/src/libc/9sys/pushtls.c
.br
.B /sys/src/libsec/port
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.IR dial (2),
.IR tls (3),
.IR factotum (4),
.IR thumbprint (6)
.SH DIAGNOSTICS
Return \-1 on failure.
.SH BUGS
Client certificates and client sessionIDs are not yet
implemented.
.PP
Note that
.IR pushtls ,
.IR tlsClient
and
.IR tlsServer
do not close the original file descriptor on failure,
only on success. 
.PP
The
.IR sessionID
and
.IR cert
pointers in the
.IR TLSconn
structure have to be freed by the caller.
.PP
Note that in the TLS protocol
.I sessionID
itself is public;  it is used as a pointer to
secrets stored in
.IR factotum .