652 lines
20 KiB
Python
652 lines
20 KiB
Python
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#! /usr/bin/env python
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"""Interfaces for launching and remotely controlling Web browsers."""
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import os
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import shlex
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import sys
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import stat
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import subprocess
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import time
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__all__ = ["Error", "open", "open_new", "open_new_tab", "get", "register"]
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class Error(Exception):
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pass
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_browsers = {} # Dictionary of available browser controllers
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_tryorder = [] # Preference order of available browsers
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def register(name, klass, instance=None, update_tryorder=1):
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"""Register a browser connector and, optionally, connection."""
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_browsers[name.lower()] = [klass, instance]
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if update_tryorder > 0:
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_tryorder.append(name)
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elif update_tryorder < 0:
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_tryorder.insert(0, name)
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def get(using=None):
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"""Return a browser launcher instance appropriate for the environment."""
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if using is not None:
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alternatives = [using]
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else:
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alternatives = _tryorder
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for browser in alternatives:
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if '%s' in browser:
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# User gave us a command line, split it into name and args
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browser = shlex.split(browser)
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if browser[-1] == '&':
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return BackgroundBrowser(browser[:-1])
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else:
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return GenericBrowser(browser)
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else:
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# User gave us a browser name or path.
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try:
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command = _browsers[browser.lower()]
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except KeyError:
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command = _synthesize(browser)
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if command[1] is not None:
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return command[1]
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elif command[0] is not None:
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return command[0]()
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raise Error("could not locate runnable browser")
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# Please note: the following definition hides a builtin function.
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# It is recommended one does "import webbrowser" and uses webbrowser.open(url)
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# instead of "from webbrowser import *".
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def open(url, new=0, autoraise=1):
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for name in _tryorder:
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browser = get(name)
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if browser.open(url, new, autoraise):
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return True
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return False
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def open_new(url):
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return open(url, 1)
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def open_new_tab(url):
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return open(url, 2)
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def _synthesize(browser, update_tryorder=1):
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"""Attempt to synthesize a controller base on existing controllers.
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This is useful to create a controller when a user specifies a path to
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an entry in the BROWSER environment variable -- we can copy a general
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controller to operate using a specific installation of the desired
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browser in this way.
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If we can't create a controller in this way, or if there is no
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executable for the requested browser, return [None, None].
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"""
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cmd = browser.split()[0]
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if not _iscommand(cmd):
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return [None, None]
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name = os.path.basename(cmd)
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try:
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command = _browsers[name.lower()]
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except KeyError:
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return [None, None]
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# now attempt to clone to fit the new name:
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controller = command[1]
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if controller and name.lower() == controller.basename:
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import copy
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controller = copy.copy(controller)
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controller.name = browser
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controller.basename = os.path.basename(browser)
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register(browser, None, controller, update_tryorder)
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return [None, controller]
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return [None, None]
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if sys.platform[:3] == "win":
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def _isexecutable(cmd):
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cmd = cmd.lower()
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if os.path.isfile(cmd) and cmd.endswith((".exe", ".bat")):
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return True
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for ext in ".exe", ".bat":
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if os.path.isfile(cmd + ext):
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return True
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return False
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else:
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def _isexecutable(cmd):
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if os.path.isfile(cmd):
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mode = os.stat(cmd)[stat.ST_MODE]
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if mode & stat.S_IXUSR or mode & stat.S_IXGRP or mode & stat.S_IXOTH:
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return True
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return False
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def _iscommand(cmd):
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"""Return True if cmd is executable or can be found on the executable
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search path."""
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if _isexecutable(cmd):
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return True
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path = os.environ.get("PATH")
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if not path:
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return False
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for d in path.split(os.pathsep):
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exe = os.path.join(d, cmd)
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if _isexecutable(exe):
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return True
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return False
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# General parent classes
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class BaseBrowser(object):
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"""Parent class for all browsers. Do not use directly."""
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args = ['%s']
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def __init__(self, name=""):
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self.name = name
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self.basename = name
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def open(self, url, new=0, autoraise=1):
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raise NotImplementedError
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def open_new(self, url):
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return self.open(url, 1)
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def open_new_tab(self, url):
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return self.open(url, 2)
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class GenericBrowser(BaseBrowser):
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"""Class for all browsers started with a command
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and without remote functionality."""
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def __init__(self, name):
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if isinstance(name, basestring):
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self.name = name
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else:
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# name should be a list with arguments
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self.name = name[0]
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self.args = name[1:]
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self.basename = os.path.basename(self.name)
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def open(self, url, new=0, autoraise=1):
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cmdline = [self.name] + [arg.replace("%s", url)
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for arg in self.args]
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try:
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if sys.platform[:3] == 'win':
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p = subprocess.Popen(cmdline)
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else:
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p = subprocess.Popen(cmdline, close_fds=True)
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return not p.wait()
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except OSError:
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return False
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class BackgroundBrowser(GenericBrowser):
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"""Class for all browsers which are to be started in the
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background."""
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def open(self, url, new=0, autoraise=1):
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cmdline = [self.name] + [arg.replace("%s", url)
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for arg in self.args]
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try:
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if sys.platform[:3] == 'win':
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p = subprocess.Popen(cmdline)
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else:
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setsid = getattr(os, 'setsid', None)
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if not setsid:
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setsid = getattr(os, 'setpgrp', None)
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p = subprocess.Popen(cmdline, close_fds=True, preexec_fn=setsid)
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return (p.poll() is None)
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except OSError:
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return False
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class UnixBrowser(BaseBrowser):
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"""Parent class for all Unix browsers with remote functionality."""
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raise_opts = None
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remote_args = ['%action', '%s']
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remote_action = None
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remote_action_newwin = None
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remote_action_newtab = None
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background = False
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redirect_stdout = True
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def _invoke(self, args, remote, autoraise):
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raise_opt = []
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if remote and self.raise_opts:
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# use autoraise argument only for remote invocation
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autoraise = int(bool(autoraise))
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opt = self.raise_opts[autoraise]
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if opt: raise_opt = [opt]
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cmdline = [self.name] + raise_opt + args
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if remote or self.background:
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inout = file(os.devnull, "r+")
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else:
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# for TTY browsers, we need stdin/out
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inout = None
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# if possible, put browser in separate process group, so
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# keyboard interrupts don't affect browser as well as Python
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setsid = getattr(os, 'setsid', None)
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if not setsid:
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setsid = getattr(os, 'setpgrp', None)
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p = subprocess.Popen(cmdline, close_fds=True, stdin=inout,
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stdout=(self.redirect_stdout and inout or None),
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stderr=inout, preexec_fn=setsid)
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if remote:
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# wait five secons. If the subprocess is not finished, the
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# remote invocation has (hopefully) started a new instance.
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time.sleep(1)
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rc = p.poll()
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if rc is None:
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time.sleep(4)
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rc = p.poll()
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if rc is None:
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return True
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# if remote call failed, open() will try direct invocation
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return not rc
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elif self.background:
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if p.poll() is None:
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return True
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else:
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return False
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else:
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return not p.wait()
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def open(self, url, new=0, autoraise=1):
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if new == 0:
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action = self.remote_action
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elif new == 1:
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action = self.remote_action_newwin
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elif new == 2:
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if self.remote_action_newtab is None:
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action = self.remote_action_newwin
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else:
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action = self.remote_action_newtab
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else:
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raise Error("Bad 'new' parameter to open(); " +
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"expected 0, 1, or 2, got %s" % new)
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args = [arg.replace("%s", url).replace("%action", action)
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for arg in self.remote_args]
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success = self._invoke(args, True, autoraise)
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if not success:
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# remote invocation failed, try straight way
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args = [arg.replace("%s", url) for arg in self.args]
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return self._invoke(args, False, False)
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else:
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return True
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class Mozilla(UnixBrowser):
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"""Launcher class for Mozilla/Netscape browsers."""
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raise_opts = ["-noraise", "-raise"]
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remote_args = ['-remote', 'openURL(%s%action)']
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remote_action = ""
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remote_action_newwin = ",new-window"
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remote_action_newtab = ",new-tab"
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background = True
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Netscape = Mozilla
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class Galeon(UnixBrowser):
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"""Launcher class for Galeon/Epiphany browsers."""
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raise_opts = ["-noraise", ""]
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remote_args = ['%action', '%s']
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remote_action = "-n"
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remote_action_newwin = "-w"
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background = True
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class Opera(UnixBrowser):
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"Launcher class for Opera browser."
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raise_opts = ["", "-raise"]
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remote_args = ['-remote', 'openURL(%s%action)']
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remote_action = ""
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remote_action_newwin = ",new-window"
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remote_action_newtab = ",new-page"
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background = True
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class Elinks(UnixBrowser):
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"Launcher class for Elinks browsers."
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remote_args = ['-remote', 'openURL(%s%action)']
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remote_action = ""
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remote_action_newwin = ",new-window"
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remote_action_newtab = ",new-tab"
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background = False
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# elinks doesn't like its stdout to be redirected -
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# it uses redirected stdout as a signal to do -dump
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redirect_stdout = False
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class Konqueror(BaseBrowser):
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"""Controller for the KDE File Manager (kfm, or Konqueror).
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See the output of ``kfmclient --commands``
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for more information on the Konqueror remote-control interface.
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"""
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def open(self, url, new=0, autoraise=1):
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# XXX Currently I know no way to prevent KFM from opening a new win.
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if new == 2:
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action = "newTab"
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else:
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action = "openURL"
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devnull = file(os.devnull, "r+")
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# if possible, put browser in separate process group, so
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# keyboard interrupts don't affect browser as well as Python
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setsid = getattr(os, 'setsid', None)
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if not setsid:
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setsid = getattr(os, 'setpgrp', None)
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try:
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p = subprocess.Popen(["kfmclient", action, url],
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close_fds=True, stdin=devnull,
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stdout=devnull, stderr=devnull)
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except OSError:
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# fall through to next variant
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pass
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else:
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p.wait()
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# kfmclient's return code unfortunately has no meaning as it seems
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return True
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try:
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p = subprocess.Popen(["konqueror", "--silent", url],
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close_fds=True, stdin=devnull,
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stdout=devnull, stderr=devnull,
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preexec_fn=setsid)
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except OSError:
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# fall through to next variant
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pass
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else:
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if p.poll() is None:
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# Should be running now.
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return True
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try:
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p = subprocess.Popen(["kfm", "-d", url],
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close_fds=True, stdin=devnull,
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stdout=devnull, stderr=devnull,
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preexec_fn=setsid)
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except OSError:
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return False
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else:
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return (p.poll() is None)
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class Grail(BaseBrowser):
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# There should be a way to maintain a connection to Grail, but the
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# Grail remote control protocol doesn't really allow that at this
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# point. It probably never will!
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|
|
def _find_grail_rc(self):
|
||
|
|
import glob
|
||
|
|
import pwd
|
||
|
|
import socket
|
||
|
|
import tempfile
|
||
|
|
tempdir = os.path.join(tempfile.gettempdir(),
|
||
|
|
".grail-unix")
|
||
|
|
user = pwd.getpwuid(os.getuid())[0]
|
||
|
|
filename = os.path.join(tempdir, user + "-*")
|
||
|
|
maybes = glob.glob(filename)
|
||
|
|
if not maybes:
|
||
|
|
return None
|
||
|
|
s = socket.socket(socket.AF_UNIX, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
|
||
|
|
for fn in maybes:
|
||
|
|
# need to PING each one until we find one that's live
|
||
|
|
try:
|
||
|
|
s.connect(fn)
|
||
|
|
except socket.error:
|
||
|
|
# no good; attempt to clean it out, but don't fail:
|
||
|
|
try:
|
||
|
|
os.unlink(fn)
|
||
|
|
except IOError:
|
||
|
|
pass
|
||
|
|
else:
|
||
|
|
return s
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def _remote(self, action):
|
||
|
|
s = self._find_grail_rc()
|
||
|
|
if not s:
|
||
|
|
return 0
|
||
|
|
s.send(action)
|
||
|
|
s.close()
|
||
|
|
return 1
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def open(self, url, new=0, autoraise=1):
|
||
|
|
if new:
|
||
|
|
ok = self._remote("LOADNEW " + url)
|
||
|
|
else:
|
||
|
|
ok = self._remote("LOAD " + url)
|
||
|
|
return ok
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#
|
||
|
|
# Platform support for Unix
|
||
|
|
#
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
# These are the right tests because all these Unix browsers require either
|
||
|
|
# a console terminal or an X display to run.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def register_X_browsers():
|
||
|
|
# The default Gnome browser
|
||
|
|
if _iscommand("gconftool-2"):
|
||
|
|
# get the web browser string from gconftool
|
||
|
|
gc = 'gconftool-2 -g /desktop/gnome/url-handlers/http/command 2>/dev/null'
|
||
|
|
out = os.popen(gc)
|
||
|
|
commd = out.read().strip()
|
||
|
|
retncode = out.close()
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
# if successful, register it
|
||
|
|
if retncode is None and commd:
|
||
|
|
register("gnome", None, BackgroundBrowser(commd.split()))
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
# First, the Mozilla/Netscape browsers
|
||
|
|
for browser in ("mozilla-firefox", "firefox",
|
||
|
|
"mozilla-firebird", "firebird",
|
||
|
|
"seamonkey", "mozilla", "netscape"):
|
||
|
|
if _iscommand(browser):
|
||
|
|
register(browser, None, Mozilla(browser))
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
# Konqueror/kfm, the KDE browser.
|
||
|
|
if _iscommand("kfm"):
|
||
|
|
register("kfm", Konqueror, Konqueror("kfm"))
|
||
|
|
elif _iscommand("konqueror"):
|
||
|
|
register("konqueror", Konqueror, Konqueror("konqueror"))
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
# Gnome's Galeon and Epiphany
|
||
|
|
for browser in ("galeon", "epiphany"):
|
||
|
|
if _iscommand(browser):
|
||
|
|
register(browser, None, Galeon(browser))
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
# Skipstone, another Gtk/Mozilla based browser
|
||
|
|
if _iscommand("skipstone"):
|
||
|
|
register("skipstone", None, BackgroundBrowser("skipstone"))
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
# Opera, quite popular
|
||
|
|
if _iscommand("opera"):
|
||
|
|
register("opera", None, Opera("opera"))
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
# Next, Mosaic -- old but still in use.
|
||
|
|
if _iscommand("mosaic"):
|
||
|
|
register("mosaic", None, BackgroundBrowser("mosaic"))
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
# Grail, the Python browser. Does anybody still use it?
|
||
|
|
if _iscommand("grail"):
|
||
|
|
register("grail", Grail, None)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
# Prefer X browsers if present
|
||
|
|
if os.environ.get("DISPLAY"):
|
||
|
|
register_X_browsers()
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
# Also try console browsers
|
||
|
|
if os.environ.get("TERM"):
|
||
|
|
# The Links/elinks browsers <http://artax.karlin.mff.cuni.cz/~mikulas/links/>
|
||
|
|
if _iscommand("links"):
|
||
|
|
register("links", None, GenericBrowser("links"))
|
||
|
|
if _iscommand("elinks"):
|
||
|
|
register("elinks", None, Elinks("elinks"))
|
||
|
|
# The Lynx browser <http://lynx.isc.org/>, <http://lynx.browser.org/>
|
||
|
|
if _iscommand("lynx"):
|
||
|
|
register("lynx", None, GenericBrowser("lynx"))
|
||
|
|
# The w3m browser <http://w3m.sourceforge.net/>
|
||
|
|
if _iscommand("w3m"):
|
||
|
|
register("w3m", None, GenericBrowser("w3m"))
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#
|
||
|
|
# Platform support for Windows
|
||
|
|
#
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
if sys.platform[:3] == "win":
|
||
|
|
class WindowsDefault(BaseBrowser):
|
||
|
|
def open(self, url, new=0, autoraise=1):
|
||
|
|
os.startfile(url)
|
||
|
|
return True # Oh, my...
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
_tryorder = []
|
||
|
|
_browsers = {}
|
||
|
|
# Prefer mozilla/netscape/opera if present
|
||
|
|
for browser in ("firefox", "firebird", "seamonkey", "mozilla",
|
||
|
|
"netscape", "opera"):
|
||
|
|
if _iscommand(browser):
|
||
|
|
register(browser, None, BackgroundBrowser(browser))
|
||
|
|
register("windows-default", WindowsDefault)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#
|
||
|
|
# Platform support for MacOS
|
||
|
|
#
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
try:
|
||
|
|
import ic
|
||
|
|
except ImportError:
|
||
|
|
pass
|
||
|
|
else:
|
||
|
|
class InternetConfig(BaseBrowser):
|
||
|
|
def open(self, url, new=0, autoraise=1):
|
||
|
|
ic.launchurl(url)
|
||
|
|
return True # Any way to get status?
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
register("internet-config", InternetConfig, update_tryorder=-1)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
if sys.platform == 'darwin':
|
||
|
|
# Adapted from patch submitted to SourceForge by Steven J. Burr
|
||
|
|
class MacOSX(BaseBrowser):
|
||
|
|
"""Launcher class for Aqua browsers on Mac OS X
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Optionally specify a browser name on instantiation. Note that this
|
||
|
|
will not work for Aqua browsers if the user has moved the application
|
||
|
|
package after installation.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
If no browser is specified, the default browser, as specified in the
|
||
|
|
Internet System Preferences panel, will be used.
|
||
|
|
"""
|
||
|
|
def __init__(self, name):
|
||
|
|
self.name = name
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def open(self, url, new=0, autoraise=1):
|
||
|
|
assert "'" not in url
|
||
|
|
# hack for local urls
|
||
|
|
if not ':' in url:
|
||
|
|
url = 'file:'+url
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
# new must be 0 or 1
|
||
|
|
new = int(bool(new))
|
||
|
|
if self.name == "default":
|
||
|
|
# User called open, open_new or get without a browser parameter
|
||
|
|
script = 'open location "%s"' % url.replace('"', '%22') # opens in default browser
|
||
|
|
else:
|
||
|
|
# User called get and chose a browser
|
||
|
|
if self.name == "OmniWeb":
|
||
|
|
toWindow = ""
|
||
|
|
else:
|
||
|
|
# Include toWindow parameter of OpenURL command for browsers
|
||
|
|
# that support it. 0 == new window; -1 == existing
|
||
|
|
toWindow = "toWindow %d" % (new - 1)
|
||
|
|
cmd = 'OpenURL "%s"' % url.replace('"', '%22')
|
||
|
|
script = '''tell application "%s"
|
||
|
|
activate
|
||
|
|
%s %s
|
||
|
|
end tell''' % (self.name, cmd, toWindow)
|
||
|
|
# Open pipe to AppleScript through osascript command
|
||
|
|
osapipe = os.popen("osascript", "w")
|
||
|
|
if osapipe is None:
|
||
|
|
return False
|
||
|
|
# Write script to osascript's stdin
|
||
|
|
osapipe.write(script)
|
||
|
|
rc = osapipe.close()
|
||
|
|
return not rc
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
# Don't clear _tryorder or _browsers since OS X can use above Unix support
|
||
|
|
# (but we prefer using the OS X specific stuff)
|
||
|
|
register("MacOSX", None, MacOSX('default'), -1)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
#
|
||
|
|
# Platform support for OS/2
|
||
|
|
#
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
if sys.platform[:3] == "os2" and _iscommand("netscape"):
|
||
|
|
_tryorder = []
|
||
|
|
_browsers = {}
|
||
|
|
register("os2netscape", None,
|
||
|
|
GenericBrowser(["start", "netscape", "%s"]), -1)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
# OK, now that we know what the default preference orders for each
|
||
|
|
# platform are, allow user to override them with the BROWSER variable.
|
||
|
|
if "BROWSER" in os.environ:
|
||
|
|
_userchoices = os.environ["BROWSER"].split(os.pathsep)
|
||
|
|
_userchoices.reverse()
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
# Treat choices in same way as if passed into get() but do register
|
||
|
|
# and prepend to _tryorder
|
||
|
|
for cmdline in _userchoices:
|
||
|
|
if cmdline != '':
|
||
|
|
_synthesize(cmdline, -1)
|
||
|
|
cmdline = None # to make del work if _userchoices was empty
|
||
|
|
del cmdline
|
||
|
|
del _userchoices
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
# what to do if _tryorder is now empty?
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
def main():
|
||
|
|
import getopt
|
||
|
|
usage = """Usage: %s [-n | -t] url
|
||
|
|
-n: open new window
|
||
|
|
-t: open new tab""" % sys.argv[0]
|
||
|
|
try:
|
||
|
|
opts, args = getopt.getopt(sys.argv[1:], 'ntd')
|
||
|
|
except getopt.error, msg:
|
||
|
|
print >>sys.stderr, msg
|
||
|
|
print >>sys.stderr, usage
|
||
|
|
sys.exit(1)
|
||
|
|
new_win = 0
|
||
|
|
for o, a in opts:
|
||
|
|
if o == '-n': new_win = 1
|
||
|
|
elif o == '-t': new_win = 2
|
||
|
|
if len(args) <> 1:
|
||
|
|
print >>sys.stderr, usage
|
||
|
|
sys.exit(1)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
url = args[0]
|
||
|
|
open(url, new_win)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
print "\a"
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
if __name__ == "__main__":
|
||
|
|
main()
|