diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index bc1d3f2a..238e83ce 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -57,6 +57,7 @@ ircd/version.c.last
 ssld/ssld
 wsockd/wsockd
 tests/msgbuf_parse1
+tests/msgbuf_unparse1
 tests/substitution1
 tests/runtests
 testsuite/ircd.pid.*
diff --git a/tests/Makefile.am b/tests/Makefile.am
index 0347b0ad..d1fc7e4e 100644
--- a/tests/Makefile.am
+++ b/tests/Makefile.am
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 check_PROGRAMS = runtests \
 	msgbuf_parse1 \
+	msgbuf_unparse1 \
 	substitution1
 AM_CFLAGS=$(WARNFLAGS)
 AM_CPPFLAGS = $(DEFAULT_INCLUDES) -I../librb/include -I..
@@ -16,6 +17,7 @@ tap_libtap_a_SOURCES = tap/basic.c tap/basic.h \
 	tap/float.c tap/float.h tap/macros.h
 
 msgbuf_parse1_SOURCES = msgbuf_parse1.c
+msgbuf_unparse1_SOURCES = msgbuf_unparse1.c
 substitution1_SOURCES = substitution1.c
 
 check-local: $(check_PROGRAMS)
diff --git a/tests/TESTS b/tests/TESTS
index f03b9afe..48581f83 100644
--- a/tests/TESTS
+++ b/tests/TESTS
@@ -1,2 +1,3 @@
 msgbuf_parse1
+msgbuf_unparse1
 substitution1
diff --git a/tests/msgbuf_unparse1.c b/tests/msgbuf_unparse1.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d5bdba7b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/msgbuf_unparse1.c
@@ -0,0 +1,2949 @@
+/*
+ *  msgbuf_unparse1.c: Test msgbuf under various conditions
+ *  Copyright 2017 Simon Arlott
+ *
+ *  This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ *  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ *  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ *  (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ *  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ *  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ *  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ *  GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ *  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ *  along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ *  Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301
+ *  USA
+ */
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include "tap/basic.h"
+
+#include "stdinc.h"
+#include "ircd_defs.h"
+#include "msgbuf.h"
+#include "client.h"
+
+#define MSG "%s:%d (%s)", __FILE__, __LINE__, __FUNCTION__
+
+struct Client me;
+static char tmp[2048];
+static const char text[] =
+"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789ZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBAzyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcba"
+"ZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBAzyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcba9876543210abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"
+"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789ZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBAzyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcba"
+"ZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBAzyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcba9876543210abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"
+"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789ZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBAzyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcba"
+"ZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBAzyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcba9876543210abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"
+"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789ZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBAzyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcba"
+"ZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBAzyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcba9876543210abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"
+"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789ZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBAzyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcba"
+"ZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBAzyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcba9876543210abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"
+;
+
+#define MKTEXT(n) &text[sizeof(text) - ((n) + 1)]
+
+/* must be much larger than the intended maximum output tags/data size */
+#define OUTPUT_BUFSIZE (EXT_BUFSIZE * 4)
+
+static void basic_tags1(void)
+{
+	const struct MsgBuf msgbuf = {
+		.n_tags = 1,
+		.tags = {
+			{ .key = "tag", .value = "value", .capmask = 1 },
+		},
+
+		.cmd = "PRIVMSG",
+		.origin = "origin",
+		.target = "#test",
+
+		.n_para = 3,
+		.para = { "test", "test", "test test" },
+	};
+	char output[OUTPUT_BUFSIZE];
+
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		is_string("@tag=value :origin PRIVMSG #test test test :test test", output, MSG);
+	}
+}
+
+static void basic_tags2(void)
+{
+	const struct MsgBuf msgbuf = {
+		.n_tags = 2,
+		.tags = {
+			{ .key = "tag1", .value = "value1", .capmask = 1 },
+			{ .key = "tag2", .value = "value2", .capmask = 1 },
+		},
+
+		.cmd = "PRIVMSG",
+		.origin = "origin",
+		.target = "#test",
+
+		.n_para = 3,
+		.para = { "test", "test", "test test" },
+	};
+	char output[OUTPUT_BUFSIZE];
+
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		is_string("@tag1=value1;tag2=value2 :origin PRIVMSG #test test test :test test", output, MSG);
+	}
+}
+
+static void basic_tags15(void)
+{
+	const struct MsgBuf msgbuf = {
+		.n_tags = 15,
+		.tags = {
+			{ .key = "tag1", .value = "value1", .capmask = 1 },
+			{ .key = "tag2", .value = "value2", .capmask = 1 },
+			{ .key = "tag3", .value = "value3", .capmask = 1 },
+			{ .key = "tag4", .value = "value4", .capmask = 1 },
+			{ .key = "tag5", .value = "value5", .capmask = 1 },
+			{ .key = "tag6", .value = "value6", .capmask = 1 },
+			{ .key = "tag7", .value = "value7", .capmask = 1 },
+			{ .key = "tag8", .value = "value8", .capmask = 1 },
+			{ .key = "tag9", .value = "value9", .capmask = 1 },
+			{ .key = "tag10", .value = "value10", .capmask = 1 },
+			{ .key = "tag11", .value = "value11", .capmask = 1 },
+			{ .key = "tag12", .value = "value12", .capmask = 1 },
+			{ .key = "tag13", .value = "value13", .capmask = 1 },
+			{ .key = "tag14", .value = "value14", .capmask = 1 },
+			{ .key = "tag15", .value = "value15", .capmask = 1 },
+		},
+
+		.cmd = "PRIVMSG",
+		.origin = "origin",
+		.target = "#test",
+
+		.n_para = 3,
+		.para = { "test", "test", "test test" },
+	};
+	char output[OUTPUT_BUFSIZE];
+
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		is_string("@tag1=value1;tag2=value2;tag3=value3;tag4=value4;tag5=value5;tag6=value6;tag7=value7;tag8=value8;tag9=value9;tag10=value10;tag11=value11;tag12=value12;tag13=value13;tag14=value14;tag15=value15 :origin PRIVMSG #test test test :test test", output, MSG);
+	}
+}
+
+static void basic_tags15_capmask1(void)
+{
+	const struct MsgBuf msgbuf = {
+		.n_tags = 15,
+		.tags = {
+			{ .key = "tag1", .value = "value1", .capmask = 0x1 },
+			{ .key = "tag2", .value = "value2", .capmask = 0x3 },
+			{ .key = "tag3", .value = "value3", .capmask = 0xffffffff },
+			{ .key = "tag4", .value = "value4", .capmask = 0xffff },
+			{ .key = "tag5", .value = "value5", .capmask = 0x0 },
+			{ .key = "tag6", .value = "value6", .capmask = 0x3e9 },
+			{ .key = "tag7", .value = "value7", .capmask = 0x2 },
+			{ .key = "tag8", .value = "value8", .capmask = 0x65 },
+			{ .key = "tag9", .value = "value9", .capmask = 0x5 },
+			{ .key = "tag10", .value = "value10", .capmask = 0x7fffffff },
+			{ .key = "tag11", .value = "value11", .capmask = 0x80000001 },
+			{ .key = "tag12", .value = "value12", .capmask = 0xf },
+			{ .key = "tag13", .value = "value13", .capmask = 0x6 },
+			{ .key = "tag14", .value = "value14", .capmask = 0x4 },
+			{ .key = "tag15", .value = "value15", .capmask = 0x7 },
+		},
+
+		.cmd = "PRIVMSG",
+		.origin = "origin",
+		.target = "#test",
+
+		.n_para = 3,
+		.para = { "test", "test", "test test" },
+	};
+	char output[OUTPUT_BUFSIZE];
+
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		is_string("@tag1=value1;tag2=value2;tag3=value3;tag4=value4;tag6=value6;tag8=value8;tag9=value9;tag10=value10;tag11=value11;tag12=value12;tag15=value15 :origin PRIVMSG #test test test :test test", output, MSG);
+	}
+}
+
+static void basic_tags15_capmask2(void)
+{
+	const struct MsgBuf msgbuf = {
+		.n_tags = 15,
+		.tags = {
+			{ .key = "tag1", .value = "value1", .capmask = 0x1 },
+			{ .key = "tag2", .value = "value2", .capmask = 0x3 },
+			{ .key = "tag3", .value = "value3", .capmask = 0xffffffff },
+			{ .key = "tag4", .value = "value4", .capmask = 0xffff },
+			{ .key = "tag5", .value = "value5", .capmask = 0x0 },
+			{ .key = "tag6", .value = "value6", .capmask = 0x3e9 },
+			{ .key = "tag7", .value = "value7", .capmask = 0x2 },
+			{ .key = "tag8", .value = "value8", .capmask = 0x65 },
+			{ .key = "tag9", .value = "value9", .capmask = 0x5 },
+			{ .key = "tag10", .value = "value10", .capmask = 0x7fffffff },
+			{ .key = "tag11", .value = "value11", .capmask = 0x80000001 },
+			{ .key = "tag12", .value = "value12", .capmask = 0xf },
+			{ .key = "tag13", .value = "value13", .capmask = 0x6 },
+			{ .key = "tag14", .value = "value14", .capmask = 0x4 },
+			{ .key = "tag15", .value = "value15", .capmask = 0x7 },
+		},
+
+		.cmd = "PRIVMSG",
+		.origin = "origin",
+		.target = "#test",
+
+		.n_para = 3,
+		.para = { "test", "test", "test test" },
+	};
+	char output[OUTPUT_BUFSIZE];
+
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &msgbuf, 0x24), MSG)) {
+		is_string("@tag3=value3;tag4=value4;tag6=value6;tag8=value8;tag9=value9;tag10=value10;tag12=value12;tag13=value13;tag14=value14;tag15=value15 :origin PRIVMSG #test test test :test test", output, MSG);
+	}
+}
+
+static void no_tags(void)
+{
+	const struct MsgBuf msgbuf = {
+		.n_tags = 0,
+		.tags = {},
+
+		.cmd = "PRIVMSG",
+		.origin = "origin",
+		.target = "#test",
+
+		.n_para = 3,
+		.para = { "test", "test", "test test" },
+	};
+	char output[OUTPUT_BUFSIZE];
+
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		is_string(":origin PRIVMSG #test test test :test test", output, MSG);
+	}
+}
+
+static void empty_tag(void)
+{
+	const struct MsgBuf msgbuf = {
+		.n_tags = 1,
+		.tags = {
+			{ .key = "", .value = "value", .capmask = 1 },
+		},
+
+		.cmd = "PRIVMSG",
+		.origin = "origin",
+		.target = "#test",
+
+		.n_para = 3,
+		.para = { "test", "test", "test test" },
+	};
+	char output[OUTPUT_BUFSIZE];
+
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		is_string(":origin PRIVMSG #test test test :test test", output, MSG);
+	}
+}
+
+static void too_long_for_tag2a_0remaining(void)
+{
+	const struct MsgBuf msgbuf = {
+		.n_tags = 3,
+		.tags = {
+			{ .key = MKTEXT(259), .value = MKTEXT(250), .capmask = 1 },
+			{ .key = "tag2", .value = "value2", .capmask = 1 },
+			{ .key = "tag3", .value = "value3", .capmask = 1 },
+		},
+
+		.cmd = "PRIVMSG",
+		.origin = "origin",
+		.target = "#test",
+
+		.n_para = 3,
+		.para = { "test", "test", "test test" },
+	};
+	char output[OUTPUT_BUFSIZE];
+
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		char tmp[2048];
+
+		strcpy(tmp, "@");
+		strcat(tmp, MKTEXT(259));
+		strcat(tmp, "=");
+		strcat(tmp, MKTEXT(250));
+		strcat(tmp, " ");
+		is_int(512, strlen(tmp), MSG);
+		strcat(tmp, ":origin PRIVMSG #test test test :test test");
+
+		is_string(tmp, output, MSG);
+	}
+}
+
+static void too_long_for_tag2a_1remaining(void)
+{
+	const struct MsgBuf msgbuf = {
+		.n_tags = 3,
+		.tags = {
+			{ .key = MKTEXT(259), .value = MKTEXT(249), .capmask = 1 },
+			{ .key = "tag2", .value = "value2", .capmask = 1 },
+			{ .key = "tag3", .value = "value3", .capmask = 1 },
+		},
+
+		.cmd = "PRIVMSG",
+		.origin = "origin",
+		.target = "#test",
+
+		.n_para = 3,
+		.para = { "test", "test", "test test" },
+	};
+	char output[OUTPUT_BUFSIZE];
+
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		char tmp[2048];
+
+		strcpy(tmp, "@");
+		strcat(tmp, MKTEXT(259));
+		strcat(tmp, "=");
+		strcat(tmp, MKTEXT(249));
+		strcat(tmp, " ");
+		is_int(512 - 1, strlen(tmp), MSG);
+		strcat(tmp, ":origin PRIVMSG #test test test :test test");
+
+		is_string(tmp, output, MSG);
+	}
+}
+
+static void too_long_for_tag2a_2remaining(void)
+{
+	const struct MsgBuf msgbuf = {
+		.n_tags = 3,
+		.tags = {
+			{ .key = MKTEXT(259), .value = MKTEXT(248), .capmask = 1 },
+			{ .key = "tag2", .value = "value2", .capmask = 1 },
+			{ .key = "tag3", .value = "value3", .capmask = 1 },
+		},
+
+		.cmd = "PRIVMSG",
+		.origin = "origin",
+		.target = "#test",
+
+		.n_para = 3,
+		.para = { "test", "test", "test test" },
+	};
+	char output[OUTPUT_BUFSIZE];
+
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		char tmp[2048];
+
+		strcpy(tmp, "@");
+		strcat(tmp, MKTEXT(259));
+		strcat(tmp, "=");
+		strcat(tmp, MKTEXT(248));
+		strcat(tmp, " ");
+		is_int(512 - 2, strlen(tmp), MSG);
+		strcat(tmp, ":origin PRIVMSG #test test test :test test");
+
+		is_string(tmp, output, MSG);
+	}
+}
+
+static void too_long_for_tag2a_3remaining(void)
+{
+	const struct MsgBuf msgbuf = {
+		.n_tags = 3,
+		.tags = {
+			{ .key = MKTEXT(259), .value = MKTEXT(247), .capmask = 1 },
+			{ .key = "tag2", .value = "value2", .capmask = 1 },
+			{ .key = "tag3", .value = "value3", .capmask = 1 },
+		},
+
+		.cmd = "PRIVMSG",
+		.origin = "origin",
+		.target = "#test",
+
+		.n_para = 3,
+		.para = { "test", "test", "test test" },
+	};
+	char output[OUTPUT_BUFSIZE];
+
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		char tmp[2048];
+
+		strcpy(tmp, "@");
+		strcat(tmp, MKTEXT(259));
+		strcat(tmp, "=");
+		strcat(tmp, MKTEXT(247));
+		strcat(tmp, " ");
+		is_int(512 - 3, strlen(tmp), MSG);
+		strcat(tmp, ":origin PRIVMSG #test test test :test test");
+
+		is_string(tmp, output, MSG);
+	}
+}
+
+static void too_long_for_tag2a_3short(void)
+{
+	const struct MsgBuf msgbuf = {
+		.n_tags = 3,
+		.tags = {
+			{ .key = MKTEXT(259), .value = MKTEXT(241), .capmask = 1 },
+			{ .key = "tag2", .value = "value2", .capmask = 1 },
+			{ .key = "tag3", .value = "value3", .capmask = 1 },
+		},
+
+		.cmd = "PRIVMSG",
+		.origin = "origin",
+		.target = "#test",
+
+		.n_para = 3,
+		.para = { "test", "test", "test test" },
+	};
+	char output[OUTPUT_BUFSIZE];
+
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		char tmp[2048];
+
+		strcpy(tmp, "@");
+		strcat(tmp, MKTEXT(259));
+		strcat(tmp, "=");
+		strcat(tmp, MKTEXT(241));
+		strcat(tmp, " ");
+		is_int(512 - 9, strlen(tmp), MSG);
+		strcat(tmp, ":origin PRIVMSG #test test test :test test");
+
+		is_string(tmp, output, MSG);
+	}
+}
+
+static void too_long_for_tag2a_2short(void)
+{
+	const struct MsgBuf msgbuf = {
+		.n_tags = 3,
+		.tags = {
+			{ .key = MKTEXT(259), .value = MKTEXT(240), .capmask = 1 },
+			{ .key = "tag2", .value = "value2", .capmask = 1 },
+			{ .key = "tag3", .value = "value3", .capmask = 1 },
+		},
+
+		.cmd = "PRIVMSG",
+		.origin = "origin",
+		.target = "#test",
+
+		.n_para = 3,
+		.para = { "test", "test", "test test" },
+	};
+	char output[OUTPUT_BUFSIZE];
+
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		char tmp[2048];
+
+		strcpy(tmp, "@");
+		strcat(tmp, MKTEXT(259));
+		strcat(tmp, "=");
+		strcat(tmp, MKTEXT(240));
+		strcat(tmp, " ");
+		is_int(512 - 10, strlen(tmp), MSG);
+		strcat(tmp, ":origin PRIVMSG #test test test :test test");
+
+		is_string(tmp, output, MSG);
+	}
+}
+
+static void too_long_for_tag2a_1short(void)
+{
+	const struct MsgBuf msgbuf = {
+		.n_tags = 3,
+		.tags = {
+			{ .key = MKTEXT(259), .value = MKTEXT(239), .capmask = 1 },
+			{ .key = "tag2", .value = "value2", .capmask = 1 },
+			{ .key = "tag3", .value = "value3", .capmask = 1 },
+		},
+
+		.cmd = "PRIVMSG",
+		.origin = "origin",
+		.target = "#test",
+
+		.n_para = 3,
+		.para = { "test", "test", "test test" },
+	};
+	char output[OUTPUT_BUFSIZE];
+
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		char tmp[2048];
+
+		strcpy(tmp, "@");
+		strcat(tmp, MKTEXT(259));
+		strcat(tmp, "=");
+		strcat(tmp, MKTEXT(239));
+		strcat(tmp, " ");
+		is_int(512 - 11, strlen(tmp), MSG);
+		strcat(tmp, ":origin PRIVMSG #test test test :test test");
+
+		is_string(tmp, output, MSG);
+	}
+}
+
+static void exact_space_for_tag2a(void)
+{
+	const struct MsgBuf msgbuf = {
+		.n_tags = 3,
+		.tags = {
+			{ .key = MKTEXT(259), .value = MKTEXT(238), .capmask = 1 },
+			{ .key = "tag2", .value = "value2", .capmask = 1 },
+			{ .key = "tag3", .value = "value3", .capmask = 1 },
+		},
+
+		.cmd = "PRIVMSG",
+		.origin = "origin",
+		.target = "#test",
+
+		.n_para = 3,
+		.para = { "test", "test", "test test" },
+	};
+	char output[OUTPUT_BUFSIZE];
+
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		char tmp[2048];
+
+		strcpy(tmp, "@");
+		strcat(tmp, MKTEXT(259));
+		strcat(tmp, "=");
+		strcat(tmp, MKTEXT(238));
+		strcat(tmp, ";tag2=value2 ");
+		is_int(512, strlen(tmp), MSG);
+		strcat(tmp, ":origin PRIVMSG #test test test :test test");
+
+		is_string(tmp, output, MSG);
+	}
+}
+
+static void too_long_for_tag2b_0remaining(void)
+{
+	const struct MsgBuf msgbuf = {
+		.n_tags = 3,
+		.tags = {
+			{ .key = MKTEXT(259), .value = MKTEXT(250), .capmask = 1 },
+			{ .key = "a", .value = "b", .capmask = 1 },
+			{ .key = "tag3", .value = "value3", .capmask = 1 },
+		},
+
+		.cmd = "PRIVMSG",
+		.origin = "origin",
+		.target = "#test",
+
+		.n_para = 3,
+		.para = { "test", "test", "test test" },
+	};
+	char output[OUTPUT_BUFSIZE];
+
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		char tmp[2048];
+
+		strcpy(tmp, "@");
+		strcat(tmp, MKTEXT(259));
+		strcat(tmp, "=");
+		strcat(tmp, MKTEXT(250));
+		strcat(tmp, " ");
+		is_int(512, strlen(tmp), MSG);
+		strcat(tmp, ":origin PRIVMSG #test test test :test test");
+
+		is_string(tmp, output, MSG);
+	}
+}
+
+static void too_long_for_tag2b_1remaining(void)
+{
+	const struct MsgBuf msgbuf = {
+		.n_tags = 3,
+		.tags = {
+			{ .key = MKTEXT(259), .value = MKTEXT(249), .capmask = 1 },
+			{ .key = "a", .value = "b", .capmask = 1 },
+			{ .key = "tag3", .value = "value3", .capmask = 1 },
+		},
+
+		.cmd = "PRIVMSG",
+		.origin = "origin",
+		.target = "#test",
+
+		.n_para = 3,
+		.para = { "test", "test", "test test" },
+	};
+	char output[OUTPUT_BUFSIZE];
+
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		char tmp[2048];
+
+		strcpy(tmp, "@");
+		strcat(tmp, MKTEXT(259));
+		strcat(tmp, "=");
+		strcat(tmp, MKTEXT(249));
+		strcat(tmp, " ");
+		is_int(512 - 1, strlen(tmp), MSG);
+		strcat(tmp, ":origin PRIVMSG #test test test :test test");
+
+		is_string(tmp, output, MSG);
+	}
+}
+
+static void too_long_for_tag2b_2remaining(void)
+{
+	const struct MsgBuf msgbuf = {
+		.n_tags = 3,
+		.tags = {
+			{ .key = MKTEXT(259), .value = MKTEXT(248), .capmask = 1 },
+			{ .key = "a", .value = "b", .capmask = 1 },
+			{ .key = "tag3", .value = "value3", .capmask = 1 },
+		},
+
+		.cmd = "PRIVMSG",
+		.origin = "origin",
+		.target = "#test",
+
+		.n_para = 3,
+		.para = { "test", "test", "test test" },
+	};
+	char output[OUTPUT_BUFSIZE];
+
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		char tmp[2048];
+
+		strcpy(tmp, "@");
+		strcat(tmp, MKTEXT(259));
+		strcat(tmp, "=");
+		strcat(tmp, MKTEXT(248));
+		strcat(tmp, " ");
+		is_int(512 - 2, strlen(tmp), MSG);
+		strcat(tmp, ":origin PRIVMSG #test test test :test test");
+
+		is_string(tmp, output, MSG);
+	}
+}
+
+static void too_long_for_tag2b_3remaining(void)
+{
+	const struct MsgBuf msgbuf = {
+		.n_tags = 3,
+		.tags = {
+			{ .key = MKTEXT(259), .value = MKTEXT(247), .capmask = 1 },
+			{ .key = "a", .value = "b", .capmask = 1 },
+			{ .key = "tag3", .value = "value3", .capmask = 1 },
+		},
+
+		.cmd = "PRIVMSG",
+		.origin = "origin",
+		.target = "#test",
+
+		.n_para = 3,
+		.para = { "test", "test", "test test" },
+	};
+	char output[OUTPUT_BUFSIZE];
+
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		char tmp[2048];
+
+		strcpy(tmp, "@");
+		strcat(tmp, MKTEXT(259));
+		strcat(tmp, "=");
+		strcat(tmp, MKTEXT(247));
+		strcat(tmp, " ");
+		is_int(512 - 3, strlen(tmp), MSG);
+		strcat(tmp, ":origin PRIVMSG #test test test :test test");
+
+		is_string(tmp, output, MSG);
+	}
+}
+
+static void too_long_for_tag2b_3short(void)
+{
+	const struct MsgBuf msgbuf = {
+		.n_tags = 3,
+		.tags = {
+			{ .key = MKTEXT(267), .value = MKTEXT(241), .capmask = 1 },
+			{ .key = "a", .value = "b", .capmask = 1 },
+			{ .key = "tag3", .value = "value3", .capmask = 1 },
+		},
+
+		.cmd = "PRIVMSG",
+		.origin = "origin",
+		.target = "#test",
+
+		.n_para = 3,
+		.para = { "test", "test", "test test" },
+	};
+	char output[OUTPUT_BUFSIZE];
+
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		char tmp[2048];
+
+		strcpy(tmp, "@");
+		strcat(tmp, MKTEXT(267));
+		strcat(tmp, "=");
+		strcat(tmp, MKTEXT(241));
+		strcat(tmp, " ");
+		is_int(512 - 1, strlen(tmp), MSG);
+		strcat(tmp, ":origin PRIVMSG #test test test :test test");
+
+		is_string(tmp, output, MSG);
+	}
+}
+
+static void too_long_for_tag2b_2short(void)
+{
+	const struct MsgBuf msgbuf = {
+		.n_tags = 3,
+		.tags = {
+			{ .key = MKTEXT(267), .value = MKTEXT(240), .capmask = 1 },
+			{ .key = "a", .value = "b", .capmask = 1 },
+			{ .key = "tag3", .value = "value3", .capmask = 1 },
+		},
+
+		.cmd = "PRIVMSG",
+		.origin = "origin",
+		.target = "#test",
+
+		.n_para = 3,
+		.para = { "test", "test", "test test" },
+	};
+	char output[OUTPUT_BUFSIZE];
+
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		char tmp[2048];
+
+		strcpy(tmp, "@");
+		strcat(tmp, MKTEXT(267));
+		strcat(tmp, "=");
+		strcat(tmp, MKTEXT(240));
+		strcat(tmp, " ");
+		is_int(512 - 2, strlen(tmp), MSG);
+		strcat(tmp, ":origin PRIVMSG #test test test :test test");
+
+		is_string(tmp, output, MSG);
+	}
+}
+
+static void too_long_for_tag2b_1short(void)
+{
+	const struct MsgBuf msgbuf = {
+		.n_tags = 3,
+		.tags = {
+			{ .key = MKTEXT(267), .value = MKTEXT(239), .capmask = 1 },
+			{ .key = "a", .value = "b", .capmask = 1 },
+			{ .key = "tag3", .value = "value3", .capmask = 1 },
+		},
+
+		.cmd = "PRIVMSG",
+		.origin = "origin",
+		.target = "#test",
+
+		.n_para = 3,
+		.para = { "test", "test", "test test" },
+	};
+	char output[OUTPUT_BUFSIZE];
+
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		char tmp[2048];
+
+		strcpy(tmp, "@");
+		strcat(tmp, MKTEXT(267));
+		strcat(tmp, "=");
+		strcat(tmp, MKTEXT(239));
+		strcat(tmp, " ");
+		is_int(512 - 3, strlen(tmp), MSG);
+		strcat(tmp, ":origin PRIVMSG #test test test :test test");
+
+		is_string(tmp, output, MSG);
+	}
+}
+
+static void exact_space_for_tag2b(void)
+{
+	const struct MsgBuf msgbuf = {
+		.n_tags = 3,
+		.tags = {
+			{ .key = MKTEXT(267), .value = MKTEXT(238), .capmask = 1 },
+			{ .key = "a", .value = "b", .capmask = 1 },
+			{ .key = "tag3", .value = "value3", .capmask = 1 },
+		},
+
+		.cmd = "PRIVMSG",
+		.origin = "origin",
+		.target = "#test",
+
+		.n_para = 3,
+		.para = { "test", "test", "test test" },
+	};
+	char output[OUTPUT_BUFSIZE];
+
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		char tmp[2048];
+
+		strcpy(tmp, "@");
+		strcat(tmp, MKTEXT(267));
+		strcat(tmp, "=");
+		strcat(tmp, MKTEXT(238));
+		strcat(tmp, ";a=b ");
+		is_int(512, strlen(tmp), MSG);
+		strcat(tmp, ":origin PRIVMSG #test test test :test test");
+
+		is_string(tmp, output, MSG);
+	}
+}
+
+static void long_tag1_no_value(void)
+{
+	const struct MsgBuf msgbuf = {
+		.n_tags = 1,
+		.tags = {
+			{ .key = MKTEXT(510), .value = NULL, .capmask = 1 },
+		},
+
+		.cmd = "PRIVMSG",
+		.origin = "origin",
+		.target = "#test",
+
+		.n_para = 3,
+		.para = { "test", "test", "test test" },
+	};
+	char output[OUTPUT_BUFSIZE];
+
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		char tmp[2048];
+
+		strcpy(tmp, "@");
+		strcat(tmp, MKTEXT(510));
+		strcat(tmp, " ");
+		is_int(512, strlen(tmp), MSG);
+		strcat(tmp, ":origin PRIVMSG #test test test :test test");
+
+		is_string(tmp, output, MSG);
+	}
+}
+
+static void long_tag1_empty_value(void)
+{
+	const struct MsgBuf msgbuf = {
+		.n_tags = 1,
+		.tags = {
+			{ .key = MKTEXT(509), .value = "", .capmask = 1 },
+		},
+
+		.cmd = "PRIVMSG",
+		.origin = "origin",
+		.target = "#test",
+
+		.n_para = 3,
+		.para = { "test", "test", "test test" },
+	};
+	char output[OUTPUT_BUFSIZE];
+
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		char tmp[2048];
+
+		strcpy(tmp, "@");
+		strcat(tmp, MKTEXT(509));
+		strcat(tmp, "= ");
+		is_int(512, strlen(tmp), MSG);
+		strcat(tmp, ":origin PRIVMSG #test test test :test test");
+
+		is_string(tmp, output, MSG);
+	}
+}
+
+static void long_tag1_short_value(void)
+{
+	const struct MsgBuf msgbuf = {
+		.n_tags = 1,
+		.tags = {
+			{ .key = MKTEXT(508), .value = "x", .capmask = 1 },
+		},
+
+		.cmd = "PRIVMSG",
+		.origin = "origin",
+		.target = "#test",
+
+		.n_para = 3,
+		.para = { "test", "test", "test test" },
+	};
+	char output[OUTPUT_BUFSIZE];
+
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		char tmp[2048];
+
+		strcpy(tmp, "@");
+		strcat(tmp, MKTEXT(508));
+		strcat(tmp, "=x ");
+		is_int(512, strlen(tmp), MSG);
+		strcat(tmp, ":origin PRIVMSG #test test test :test test");
+
+		is_string(tmp, output, MSG);
+	}
+}
+
+static void short_tag1_long_value(void)
+{
+	const struct MsgBuf msgbuf = {
+		.n_tags = 1,
+		.tags = {
+			{ .key = "x", .value = MKTEXT(508), .capmask = 1 },
+		},
+
+		.cmd = "PRIVMSG",
+		.origin = "origin",
+		.target = "#test",
+
+		.n_para = 3,
+		.para = { "test", "test", "test test" },
+	};
+	char output[OUTPUT_BUFSIZE];
+
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		char tmp[2048];
+
+		strcpy(tmp, "@x=");
+		strcat(tmp, MKTEXT(508));
+		strcat(tmp, " ");
+		is_int(512, strlen(tmp), MSG);
+		strcat(tmp, ":origin PRIVMSG #test test test :test test");
+
+		is_string(tmp, output, MSG);
+	}
+}
+
+static void too_long_tag1_no_value(void)
+{
+	const struct MsgBuf msgbuf = {
+		.n_tags = 1,
+		.tags = {
+			{ .key = MKTEXT(511), .value = NULL, .capmask = 1 },
+		},
+
+		.cmd = "PRIVMSG",
+		.origin = "origin",
+		.target = "#test",
+
+		.n_para = 3,
+		.para = { "test", "test", "test test" },
+	};
+	char output[OUTPUT_BUFSIZE];
+
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		is_string(":origin PRIVMSG #test test test :test test", output, MSG);
+	}
+}
+
+static void too_long_tag1_empty_value(void)
+{
+	const struct MsgBuf msgbuf = {
+		.n_tags = 1,
+		.tags = {
+			{ .key = MKTEXT(510), .value = "", .capmask = 1 },
+		},
+
+		.cmd = "PRIVMSG",
+		.origin = "origin",
+		.target = "#test",
+
+		.n_para = 3,
+		.para = { "test", "test", "test test" },
+	};
+	char output[OUTPUT_BUFSIZE];
+
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		is_string(":origin PRIVMSG #test test test :test test", output, MSG);
+	}
+}
+
+static void too_long_tag1_short_value(void)
+{
+	const struct MsgBuf msgbuf = {
+		.n_tags = 1,
+		.tags = {
+			{ .key = MKTEXT(509), .value = "x", .capmask = 1 },
+		},
+
+		.cmd = "PRIVMSG",
+		.origin = "origin",
+		.target = "#test",
+
+		.n_para = 3,
+		.para = { "test", "test", "test test" },
+	};
+	char output[OUTPUT_BUFSIZE];
+
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		is_string(":origin PRIVMSG #test test test :test test", output, MSG);
+	}
+}
+
+static void short_tag1_too_long_value(void)
+{
+	const struct MsgBuf msgbuf = {
+		.n_tags = 1,
+		.tags = {
+			{ .key = "x", .value = MKTEXT(509), .capmask = 1 },
+		},
+
+		.cmd = "PRIVMSG",
+		.origin = "origin",
+		.target = "#test",
+
+		.n_para = 3,
+		.para = { "test", "test", "test test" },
+	};
+	char output[OUTPUT_BUFSIZE];
+
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		is_string(":origin PRIVMSG #test test test :test test", output, MSG);
+	}
+}
+
+static void long_tag2a_no_value(void)
+{
+	const struct MsgBuf msgbuf = {
+		.n_tags = 2,
+		.tags = {
+			{ .key = "a", .value = NULL, .capmask = 1 },
+			{ .key = MKTEXT(508), .value = NULL, .capmask = 1 },
+		},
+
+		.cmd = "PRIVMSG",
+		.origin = "origin",
+		.target = "#test",
+
+		.n_para = 3,
+		.para = { "test", "test", "test test" },
+	};
+	char output[OUTPUT_BUFSIZE];
+
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		char tmp[2048];
+
+		strcpy(tmp, "@a;");
+		strcat(tmp, MKTEXT(508));
+		strcat(tmp, " ");
+		is_int(512, strlen(tmp), MSG);
+		strcat(tmp, ":origin PRIVMSG #test test test :test test");
+
+		is_string(tmp, output, MSG);
+	}
+}
+
+static void long_tag2b_no_value(void)
+{
+	const struct MsgBuf msgbuf = {
+		.n_tags = 2,
+		.tags = {
+			{ .key = "a", .value = "", .capmask = 1 },
+			{ .key = MKTEXT(507), .value = NULL, .capmask = 1 },
+		},
+
+		.cmd = "PRIVMSG",
+		.origin = "origin",
+		.target = "#test",
+
+		.n_para = 3,
+		.para = { "test", "test", "test test" },
+	};
+	char output[OUTPUT_BUFSIZE];
+
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		char tmp[2048];
+
+		strcpy(tmp, "@a=;");
+		strcat(tmp, MKTEXT(507));
+		strcat(tmp, " ");
+		is_int(512, strlen(tmp), MSG);
+		strcat(tmp, ":origin PRIVMSG #test test test :test test");
+
+		is_string(tmp, output, MSG);
+	}
+}
+
+static void long_tag2c_no_value(void)
+{
+	const struct MsgBuf msgbuf = {
+		.n_tags = 2,
+		.tags = {
+			{ .key = "a", .value = "b", .capmask = 1 },
+			{ .key = MKTEXT(506), .value = NULL, .capmask = 1 },
+		},
+
+		.cmd = "PRIVMSG",
+		.origin = "origin",
+		.target = "#test",
+
+		.n_para = 3,
+		.para = { "test", "test", "test test" },
+	};
+	char output[OUTPUT_BUFSIZE];
+
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		char tmp[2048];
+
+		strcpy(tmp, "@a=b;");
+		strcat(tmp, MKTEXT(506));
+		strcat(tmp, " ");
+		is_int(512, strlen(tmp), MSG);
+		strcat(tmp, ":origin PRIVMSG #test test test :test test");
+
+		is_string(tmp, output, MSG);
+	}
+}
+
+static void long_tag2a_empty_value(void)
+{
+	const struct MsgBuf msgbuf = {
+		.n_tags = 2,
+		.tags = {
+			{ .key = "a", .value = NULL, .capmask = 1 },
+			{ .key = MKTEXT(507), .value = "", .capmask = 1 },
+		},
+
+		.cmd = "PRIVMSG",
+		.origin = "origin",
+		.target = "#test",
+
+		.n_para = 3,
+		.para = { "test", "test", "test test" },
+	};
+	char output[OUTPUT_BUFSIZE];
+
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		char tmp[2048];
+
+		strcpy(tmp, "@a;");
+		strcat(tmp, MKTEXT(507));
+		strcat(tmp, "= ");
+		is_int(512, strlen(tmp), MSG);
+		strcat(tmp, ":origin PRIVMSG #test test test :test test");
+
+		is_string(tmp, output, MSG);
+	}
+}
+
+static void long_tag2b_empty_value(void)
+{
+	const struct MsgBuf msgbuf = {
+		.n_tags = 2,
+		.tags = {
+			{ .key = "a", .value = "", .capmask = 1 },
+			{ .key = MKTEXT(506), .value = "", .capmask = 1 },
+		},
+
+		.cmd = "PRIVMSG",
+		.origin = "origin",
+		.target = "#test",
+
+		.n_para = 3,
+		.para = { "test", "test", "test test" },
+	};
+	char output[OUTPUT_BUFSIZE];
+
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		char tmp[2048];
+
+		strcpy(tmp, "@a=;");
+		strcat(tmp, MKTEXT(506));
+		strcat(tmp, "= ");
+		is_int(512, strlen(tmp), MSG);
+		strcat(tmp, ":origin PRIVMSG #test test test :test test");
+
+		is_string(tmp, output, MSG);
+	}
+}
+
+static void long_tag2c_empty_value(void)
+{
+	const struct MsgBuf msgbuf = {
+		.n_tags = 2,
+		.tags = {
+			{ .key = "a", .value = "b", .capmask = 1 },
+			{ .key = MKTEXT(505), .value = "", .capmask = 1 },
+		},
+
+		.cmd = "PRIVMSG",
+		.origin = "origin",
+		.target = "#test",
+
+		.n_para = 3,
+		.para = { "test", "test", "test test" },
+	};
+	char output[OUTPUT_BUFSIZE];
+
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		char tmp[2048];
+
+		strcpy(tmp, "@a=b;");
+		strcat(tmp, MKTEXT(505));
+		strcat(tmp, "= ");
+		is_int(512, strlen(tmp), MSG);
+		strcat(tmp, ":origin PRIVMSG #test test test :test test");
+
+		is_string(tmp, output, MSG);
+	}
+}
+
+static void long_tag2a_short_value(void)
+{
+	const struct MsgBuf msgbuf = {
+		.n_tags = 2,
+		.tags = {
+			{ .key = "a", .value = NULL, .capmask = 1 },
+			{ .key = MKTEXT(506), .value = "x", .capmask = 1 },
+		},
+
+		.cmd = "PRIVMSG",
+		.origin = "origin",
+		.target = "#test",
+
+		.n_para = 3,
+		.para = { "test", "test", "test test" },
+	};
+	char output[OUTPUT_BUFSIZE];
+
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		char tmp[2048];
+
+		strcpy(tmp, "@a;");
+		strcat(tmp, MKTEXT(506));
+		strcat(tmp, "=x ");
+		is_int(512, strlen(tmp), MSG);
+		strcat(tmp, ":origin PRIVMSG #test test test :test test");
+
+		is_string(tmp, output, MSG);
+	}
+}
+
+static void long_tag2b_short_value(void)
+{
+	const struct MsgBuf msgbuf = {
+		.n_tags = 2,
+		.tags = {
+			{ .key = "a", .value = "", .capmask = 1 },
+			{ .key = MKTEXT(505), .value = "x", .capmask = 1 },
+		},
+
+		.cmd = "PRIVMSG",
+		.origin = "origin",
+		.target = "#test",
+
+		.n_para = 3,
+		.para = { "test", "test", "test test" },
+	};
+	char output[OUTPUT_BUFSIZE];
+
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		char tmp[2048];
+
+		strcpy(tmp, "@a=;");
+		strcat(tmp, MKTEXT(505));
+		strcat(tmp, "=x ");
+		is_int(512, strlen(tmp), MSG);
+		strcat(tmp, ":origin PRIVMSG #test test test :test test");
+
+		is_string(tmp, output, MSG);
+	}
+}
+
+static void long_tag2c_short_value(void)
+{
+	const struct MsgBuf msgbuf = {
+		.n_tags = 2,
+		.tags = {
+			{ .key = "a", .value = "b", .capmask = 1 },
+			{ .key = MKTEXT(504), .value = "x", .capmask = 1 },
+		},
+
+		.cmd = "PRIVMSG",
+		.origin = "origin",
+		.target = "#test",
+
+		.n_para = 3,
+		.para = { "test", "test", "test test" },
+	};
+	char output[OUTPUT_BUFSIZE];
+
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		char tmp[2048];
+
+		strcpy(tmp, "@a=b;");
+		strcat(tmp, MKTEXT(504));
+		strcat(tmp, "=x ");
+		is_int(512, strlen(tmp), MSG);
+		strcat(tmp, ":origin PRIVMSG #test test test :test test");
+
+		is_string(tmp, output, MSG);
+	}
+}
+
+static void short_tag2a_long_value(void)
+{
+	const struct MsgBuf msgbuf = {
+		.n_tags = 2,
+		.tags = {
+			{ .key = "a", .value = NULL, .capmask = 1 },
+			{ .key = "x", .value = MKTEXT(506), .capmask = 1 },
+		},
+
+		.cmd = "PRIVMSG",
+		.origin = "origin",
+		.target = "#test",
+
+		.n_para = 3,
+		.para = { "test", "test", "test test" },
+	};
+	char output[OUTPUT_BUFSIZE];
+
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		char tmp[2048];
+
+		strcpy(tmp, "@a;x=");
+		strcat(tmp, MKTEXT(506));
+		strcat(tmp, " ");
+		is_int(512, strlen(tmp), MSG);
+		strcat(tmp, ":origin PRIVMSG #test test test :test test");
+
+		is_string(tmp, output, MSG);
+	}
+}
+
+static void short_tag2b_long_value(void)
+{
+	const struct MsgBuf msgbuf = {
+		.n_tags = 2,
+		.tags = {
+			{ .key = "a", .value = "", .capmask = 1 },
+			{ .key = "x", .value = MKTEXT(505), .capmask = 1 },
+		},
+
+		.cmd = "PRIVMSG",
+		.origin = "origin",
+		.target = "#test",
+
+		.n_para = 3,
+		.para = { "test", "test", "test test" },
+	};
+	char output[OUTPUT_BUFSIZE];
+
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		char tmp[2048];
+
+		strcpy(tmp, "@a=;x=");
+		strcat(tmp, MKTEXT(505));
+		strcat(tmp, " ");
+		is_int(512, strlen(tmp), MSG);
+		strcat(tmp, ":origin PRIVMSG #test test test :test test");
+
+		is_string(tmp, output, MSG);
+	}
+}
+
+static void short_tag2c_long_value(void)
+{
+	const struct MsgBuf msgbuf = {
+		.n_tags = 2,
+		.tags = {
+			{ .key = "a", .value = "b", .capmask = 1 },
+			{ .key = "x", .value = MKTEXT(504), .capmask = 1 },
+		},
+
+		.cmd = "PRIVMSG",
+		.origin = "origin",
+		.target = "#test",
+
+		.n_para = 3,
+		.para = { "test", "test", "test test" },
+	};
+	char output[OUTPUT_BUFSIZE];
+
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		char tmp[2048];
+
+		strcpy(tmp, "@a=b;x=");
+		strcat(tmp, MKTEXT(504));
+		strcat(tmp, " ");
+		is_int(512, strlen(tmp), MSG);
+		strcat(tmp, ":origin PRIVMSG #test test test :test test");
+
+		is_string(tmp, output, MSG);
+	}
+}
+
+static void too_long_tag2a_no_value(void)
+{
+	const struct MsgBuf msgbuf = {
+		.n_tags = 2,
+		.tags = {
+			{ .key = "a", .value = NULL, .capmask = 1 },
+			{ .key = MKTEXT(509), .value = NULL, .capmask = 1 },
+		},
+
+		.cmd = "PRIVMSG",
+		.origin = "origin",
+		.target = "#test",
+
+		.n_para = 3,
+		.para = { "test", "test", "test test" },
+	};
+	char output[OUTPUT_BUFSIZE];
+
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		is_string("@a :origin PRIVMSG #test test test :test test", output, MSG);
+	}
+}
+
+static void too_long_tag2b_no_value(void)
+{
+	const struct MsgBuf msgbuf = {
+		.n_tags = 2,
+		.tags = {
+			{ .key = "a", .value = "", .capmask = 1 },
+			{ .key = MKTEXT(508), .value = NULL, .capmask = 1 },
+		},
+
+		.cmd = "PRIVMSG",
+		.origin = "origin",
+		.target = "#test",
+
+		.n_para = 3,
+		.para = { "test", "test", "test test" },
+	};
+	char output[OUTPUT_BUFSIZE];
+
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		is_string("@a= :origin PRIVMSG #test test test :test test", output, MSG);
+	}
+}
+
+static void too_long_tag2c_no_value(void)
+{
+	const struct MsgBuf msgbuf = {
+		.n_tags = 2,
+		.tags = {
+			{ .key = "a", .value = "b", .capmask = 1 },
+			{ .key = MKTEXT(507), .value = NULL, .capmask = 1 },
+		},
+
+		.cmd = "PRIVMSG",
+		.origin = "origin",
+		.target = "#test",
+
+		.n_para = 3,
+		.para = { "test", "test", "test test" },
+	};
+	char output[OUTPUT_BUFSIZE];
+
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		is_string("@a=b :origin PRIVMSG #test test test :test test", output, MSG);
+	}
+}
+
+static void too_long_tag2a_empty_value(void)
+{
+	const struct MsgBuf msgbuf = {
+		.n_tags = 2,
+		.tags = {
+			{ .key = "a", .value = NULL, .capmask = 1 },
+			{ .key = MKTEXT(508), .value = "", .capmask = 1 },
+		},
+
+		.cmd = "PRIVMSG",
+		.origin = "origin",
+		.target = "#test",
+
+		.n_para = 3,
+		.para = { "test", "test", "test test" },
+	};
+	char output[OUTPUT_BUFSIZE];
+
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		is_string("@a :origin PRIVMSG #test test test :test test", output, MSG);
+	}
+}
+
+static void too_long_tag2b_empty_value(void)
+{
+	const struct MsgBuf msgbuf = {
+		.n_tags = 2,
+		.tags = {
+			{ .key = "a", .value = "", .capmask = 1 },
+			{ .key = MKTEXT(507), .value = "", .capmask = 1 },
+		},
+
+		.cmd = "PRIVMSG",
+		.origin = "origin",
+		.target = "#test",
+
+		.n_para = 3,
+		.para = { "test", "test", "test test" },
+	};
+	char output[OUTPUT_BUFSIZE];
+
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		is_string("@a= :origin PRIVMSG #test test test :test test", output, MSG);
+	}
+}
+
+static void too_long_tag2c_empty_value(void)
+{
+	const struct MsgBuf msgbuf = {
+		.n_tags = 2,
+		.tags = {
+			{ .key = "a", .value = "b", .capmask = 1 },
+			{ .key = MKTEXT(506), .value = "", .capmask = 1 },
+		},
+
+		.cmd = "PRIVMSG",
+		.origin = "origin",
+		.target = "#test",
+
+		.n_para = 3,
+		.para = { "test", "test", "test test" },
+	};
+	char output[OUTPUT_BUFSIZE];
+
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		is_string("@a=b :origin PRIVMSG #test test test :test test", output, MSG);
+	}
+}
+
+static void too_long_tag2a_short_value(void)
+{
+	const struct MsgBuf msgbuf = {
+		.n_tags = 2,
+		.tags = {
+			{ .key = "a", .value = NULL, .capmask = 1 },
+			{ .key = MKTEXT(507), .value = "x", .capmask = 1 },
+		},
+
+		.cmd = "PRIVMSG",
+		.origin = "origin",
+		.target = "#test",
+
+		.n_para = 3,
+		.para = { "test", "test", "test test" },
+	};
+	char output[OUTPUT_BUFSIZE];
+
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		is_string("@a :origin PRIVMSG #test test test :test test", output, MSG);
+	}
+}
+
+static void too_long_tag2b_short_value(void)
+{
+	const struct MsgBuf msgbuf = {
+		.n_tags = 2,
+		.tags = {
+			{ .key = "a", .value = "", .capmask = 1 },
+			{ .key = MKTEXT(506), .value = "x", .capmask = 1 },
+		},
+
+		.cmd = "PRIVMSG",
+		.origin = "origin",
+		.target = "#test",
+
+		.n_para = 3,
+		.para = { "test", "test", "test test" },
+	};
+	char output[OUTPUT_BUFSIZE];
+
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		is_string("@a= :origin PRIVMSG #test test test :test test", output, MSG);
+	}
+}
+
+static void too_long_tag2c_short_value(void)
+{
+	const struct MsgBuf msgbuf = {
+		.n_tags = 2,
+		.tags = {
+			{ .key = "a", .value = "b", .capmask = 1 },
+			{ .key = MKTEXT(505), .value = "x", .capmask = 1 },
+		},
+
+		.cmd = "PRIVMSG",
+		.origin = "origin",
+		.target = "#test",
+
+		.n_para = 3,
+		.para = { "test", "test", "test test" },
+	};
+	char output[OUTPUT_BUFSIZE];
+
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		is_string("@a=b :origin PRIVMSG #test test test :test test", output, MSG);
+	}
+}
+
+static void short_tag2a_too_long_value(void)
+{
+	const struct MsgBuf msgbuf = {
+		.n_tags = 2,
+		.tags = {
+			{ .key = "a", .value = NULL, .capmask = 1 },
+			{ .key = "x", .value = MKTEXT(507), .capmask = 1 },
+		},
+
+		.cmd = "PRIVMSG",
+		.origin = "origin",
+		.target = "#test",
+
+		.n_para = 3,
+		.para = { "test", "test", "test test" },
+	};
+	char output[OUTPUT_BUFSIZE];
+
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		is_string("@a :origin PRIVMSG #test test test :test test", output, MSG);
+	}
+}
+
+static void short_tag2b_too_long_value(void)
+{
+	const struct MsgBuf msgbuf = {
+		.n_tags = 2,
+		.tags = {
+			{ .key = "a", .value = "", .capmask = 1 },
+			{ .key = "x", .value = MKTEXT(506), .capmask = 1 },
+		},
+
+		.cmd = "PRIVMSG",
+		.origin = "origin",
+		.target = "#test",
+
+		.n_para = 3,
+		.para = { "test", "test", "test test" },
+	};
+	char output[OUTPUT_BUFSIZE];
+
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		is_string("@a= :origin PRIVMSG #test test test :test test", output, MSG);
+	}
+}
+
+static void short_tag2c_too_long_value(void)
+{
+	const struct MsgBuf msgbuf = {
+		.n_tags = 2,
+		.tags = {
+			{ .key = "a", .value = "b", .capmask = 1 },
+			{ .key = "x", .value = MKTEXT(505), .capmask = 1 },
+		},
+
+		.cmd = "PRIVMSG",
+		.origin = "origin",
+		.target = "#test",
+
+		.n_para = 3,
+		.para = { "test", "test", "test test" },
+	};
+	char output[OUTPUT_BUFSIZE];
+
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		is_string("@a=b :origin PRIVMSG #test test test :test test", output, MSG);
+	}
+}
+
+static void escape_test(void)
+{
+	const struct MsgBuf msgbuf = {
+		.n_tags = 6,
+		.tags = {
+			{ .key = "tag1", .value = ":; \\\r\n", .capmask = 1 },
+			{ .key = "tag2", .value = "^:^;^ ^\\^\r^\n^", .capmask = 1 },
+			{ .key = "tag3", .value = ":", .capmask = 1 },
+			{ .key = "tag4", .value = ";", .capmask = 1 },
+			{ .key = "tag5", .value = "\\", .capmask = 1 },
+			{ .key = "tag6", .value = " ", .capmask = 1 },
+		},
+
+		.cmd = "PRIVMSG",
+		.origin = "origin",
+		.target = "#test",
+
+		.n_para = 3,
+		.para = { "test", "test", "test test" },
+	};
+	char output[OUTPUT_BUFSIZE];
+
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		is_string("@tag1=:\\:\\s\\\\\\r\\n;tag2=^:^\\:^\\s^\\\\^\\r^\\n^;tag3=:;tag4=\\:;tag5=\\\\;tag6=\\s :origin PRIVMSG #test test test :test test", output, MSG);
+	}
+}
+
+static void escape_test_8bit(void)
+{
+	const struct MsgBuf msgbuf = {
+		.n_tags = 1,
+		.tags = {
+			{ .key = "tag1", .value = "\176\177\178\376\377", .capmask = 1 },
+		},
+
+		.cmd = "PRIVMSG",
+		.origin = "origin",
+		.target = "#test",
+
+		.n_para = 3,
+		.para = { "test", "test", "test test" },
+	};
+	char output[OUTPUT_BUFSIZE];
+
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		is_string("@tag1=\176\177\178\376\377 :origin PRIVMSG #test test test :test test", output, MSG);
+	}
+}
+
+static void long_para1a(void)
+{
+	const struct MsgBuf msgbuf = {
+		.n_tags = 0,
+
+		.cmd = "PRIVMSG",
+		.origin = "origin",
+		.target = "#test",
+
+		.n_para = 1,
+		.para = { MKTEXT(488) },
+	};
+	char output[OUTPUT_BUFSIZE];
+
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		char tmp[2048];
+
+		strcpy(tmp, ":origin PRIVMSG #test ");
+		strcat(tmp, MKTEXT(488));
+		is_int(510, strlen(tmp), MSG);
+
+		is_string(tmp, output, MSG);
+	}
+}
+
+static void too_long_para1a(void)
+{
+	const struct MsgBuf msgbuf = {
+		.n_tags = 0,
+
+		.cmd = "PRIVMSG",
+		.origin = "origin",
+		.target = "#test",
+
+		.n_para = 1,
+		.para = { MKTEXT(489) },
+	};
+	char output[OUTPUT_BUFSIZE];
+
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		char tmp[2048];
+
+		strcpy(tmp, ":origin PRIVMSG #test ");
+		strcat(tmp, MKTEXT(489));
+		tmp[strlen(tmp) - 1] = 0;
+		is_int(510, strlen(tmp), MSG);
+
+		is_string(tmp, output, MSG);
+	}
+}
+
+static void long_para1b(void)
+{
+	char input[2048];
+	const struct MsgBuf msgbuf = {
+		.n_tags = 0,
+
+		.cmd = "PRIVMSG",
+		.origin = "origin",
+		.target = "#test",
+
+		.n_para = 1,
+		.para = { input },
+	};
+	char output[OUTPUT_BUFSIZE];
+
+	/* make second-last char ' ' so that a ':' prefix is required */
+	strcpy(input, MKTEXT(487));
+	input[strlen(input) - 2] = ' ';
+
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		char tmp[2048];
+
+		strcpy(tmp, ":origin PRIVMSG #test :");
+		strcat(tmp, MKTEXT(487));
+		tmp[strlen(tmp) - 2] = ' ';
+		is_int(510, strlen(tmp), MSG);
+
+		is_string(tmp, output, MSG);
+	}
+}
+
+static void too_long_para1b(void)
+{
+	char input[2048];
+	const struct MsgBuf msgbuf = {
+		.n_tags = 0,
+
+		.cmd = "PRIVMSG",
+		.origin = "origin",
+		.target = "#test",
+
+		.n_para = 1,
+		.para = { input },
+	};
+	char output[OUTPUT_BUFSIZE];
+
+	/* make second-last char ' ' so that a ':' prefix is required */
+	strcpy(input, MKTEXT(488));
+	input[strlen(input) - 3] = ' ';
+
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		char tmp[2048];
+
+		strcpy(tmp, ":origin PRIVMSG #test :");
+		strcat(tmp, MKTEXT(488));
+		tmp[strlen(tmp) - 3] = ' ';
+		tmp[strlen(tmp) - 1] = 0;
+		is_int(510, strlen(tmp), MSG);
+
+		is_string(tmp, output, MSG);
+	}
+}
+
+static void long_para2a(void)
+{
+	const struct MsgBuf msgbuf = {
+		.n_tags = 0,
+
+		.cmd = "PRIVMSG",
+		.origin = "origin",
+		.target = "#test",
+
+		.n_para = 2,
+		.para = { "test", MKTEXT(483) },
+	};
+	char output[OUTPUT_BUFSIZE];
+
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		char tmp[2048];
+
+		strcpy(tmp, ":origin PRIVMSG #test test ");
+		strcat(tmp, MKTEXT(483));
+		is_int(510, strlen(tmp), MSG);
+
+		is_string(tmp, output, MSG);
+	}
+}
+
+static void too_long_para2a(void)
+{
+	const struct MsgBuf msgbuf = {
+		.n_tags = 0,
+
+		.cmd = "PRIVMSG",
+		.origin = "origin",
+		.target = "#test",
+
+		.n_para = 2,
+		.para = { "test", MKTEXT(484) },
+	};
+	char output[OUTPUT_BUFSIZE];
+
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		char tmp[2048];
+
+		strcpy(tmp, ":origin PRIVMSG #test test ");
+		strcat(tmp, MKTEXT(484));
+		tmp[strlen(tmp) - 1] = 0;
+		is_int(510, strlen(tmp), MSG);
+
+		is_string(tmp, output, MSG);
+	}
+}
+
+static void long_para2b(void)
+{
+	char input[2048];
+	const struct MsgBuf msgbuf = {
+		.n_tags = 0,
+
+		.cmd = "PRIVMSG",
+		.origin = "origin",
+		.target = "#test",
+
+		.n_para = 2,
+		.para = { "test", input },
+	};
+	char output[OUTPUT_BUFSIZE];
+
+	/* make second-last char ' ' so that a ':' prefix is required */
+	strcpy(input, MKTEXT(482));
+	input[strlen(input) - 2] = ' ';
+
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		char tmp[2048];
+
+		strcpy(tmp, ":origin PRIVMSG #test test :");
+		strcat(tmp, MKTEXT(482));
+		tmp[strlen(tmp) - 2] = ' ';
+		is_int(510, strlen(tmp), MSG);
+
+		is_string(tmp, output, MSG);
+	}
+}
+
+static void too_long_para2b(void)
+{
+	char input[2048];
+	const struct MsgBuf msgbuf = {
+		.n_tags = 0,
+
+		.cmd = "PRIVMSG",
+		.origin = "origin",
+		.target = "#test",
+
+		.n_para = 2,
+		.para = { "test", input },
+	};
+	char output[OUTPUT_BUFSIZE];
+
+	/* make second-last char ' ' so that a ':' prefix is required */
+	strcpy(input, MKTEXT(483));
+	input[strlen(input) - 3] = ' ';
+
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		char tmp[2048];
+
+		strcpy(tmp, ":origin PRIVMSG #test test :");
+		strcat(tmp, MKTEXT(483));
+		tmp[strlen(tmp) - 3] = ' ';
+		tmp[strlen(tmp) - 1] = 0;
+		is_int(510, strlen(tmp), MSG);
+
+		is_string(tmp, output, MSG);
+	}
+}
+
+static void long_para3a(void)
+{
+	const struct MsgBuf msgbuf = {
+		.n_tags = 0,
+
+		.cmd = "PRIVMSG",
+		.origin = "origin",
+		.target = "#test",
+
+		.n_para = 3,
+		.para = { "test1", "test2", MKTEXT(476) },
+	};
+	char output[OUTPUT_BUFSIZE];
+
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		char tmp[2048];
+
+		strcpy(tmp, ":origin PRIVMSG #test test1 test2 ");
+		strcat(tmp, MKTEXT(476));
+		is_int(510, strlen(tmp), MSG);
+
+		is_string(tmp, output, MSG);
+	}
+}
+
+static void too_long_para3a(void)
+{
+	const struct MsgBuf msgbuf = {
+		.n_tags = 0,
+
+		.cmd = "PRIVMSG",
+		.origin = "origin",
+		.target = "#test",
+
+		.n_para = 3,
+		.para = { "test1", "test2", MKTEXT(477) },
+	};
+	char output[OUTPUT_BUFSIZE];
+
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		char tmp[2048];
+
+		strcpy(tmp, ":origin PRIVMSG #test test1 test2 ");
+		strcat(tmp, MKTEXT(477));
+		tmp[strlen(tmp) - 1] = 0;
+		is_int(510, strlen(tmp), MSG);
+
+		is_string(tmp, output, MSG);
+	}
+}
+
+static void long_para3b(void)
+{
+	char input[2048];
+	const struct MsgBuf msgbuf = {
+		.n_tags = 0,
+
+		.cmd = "PRIVMSG",
+		.origin = "origin",
+		.target = "#test",
+
+		.n_para = 3,
+		.para = { "test1", "test2", input },
+	};
+	char output[OUTPUT_BUFSIZE];
+
+	/* make second-last char ' ' so that a ':' prefix is required */
+	strcpy(input, MKTEXT(475));
+	input[strlen(input) - 2] = ' ';
+
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		char tmp[2048];
+
+		strcpy(tmp, ":origin PRIVMSG #test test1 test2 :");
+		strcat(tmp, MKTEXT(475));
+		tmp[strlen(tmp) - 2] = ' ';
+		is_int(510, strlen(tmp), MSG);
+
+		is_string(tmp, output, MSG);
+	}
+}
+
+static void too_long_para3b(void)
+{
+	char input[2048];
+	const struct MsgBuf msgbuf = {
+		.n_tags = 0,
+
+		.cmd = "PRIVMSG",
+		.origin = "origin",
+		.target = "#test",
+
+		.n_para = 3,
+		.para = { "test1", "test2", input },
+	};
+	char output[OUTPUT_BUFSIZE];
+
+	/* make second-last char ' ' so that a ':' prefix is required */
+	strcpy(input, MKTEXT(476));
+	input[strlen(input) - 3] = ' ';
+
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		char tmp[2048];
+
+		strcpy(tmp, ":origin PRIVMSG #test test1 test2 :");
+		strcat(tmp, MKTEXT(476));
+		tmp[strlen(tmp) - 3] = ' ';
+		tmp[strlen(tmp) - 1] = 0;
+		is_int(510, strlen(tmp), MSG);
+
+		is_string(tmp, output, MSG);
+	}
+}
+
+static void long_para15a(void)
+{
+	const struct MsgBuf msgbuf = {
+		.n_tags = 0,
+
+		.cmd = "PRIVMSG",
+		.origin = "origin",
+		.target = "#test",
+
+		.n_para = 15,
+		.para = { "test1", "test2", "test3", "test4", "test5", "test6", "test7", "test8", "test9", "test10", "test11", "test12", "test13", "test14", MKTEXT(399) },
+	};
+	char output[OUTPUT_BUFSIZE];
+
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		char tmp[2048];
+
+		strcpy(tmp, ":origin PRIVMSG #test test1 test2 test3 test4 test5 test6 test7 test8 test9 test10 test11 test12 test13 test14 ");
+		strcat(tmp, MKTEXT(399));
+		is_int(510, strlen(tmp), MSG);
+
+		is_string(tmp, output, MSG);
+	}
+}
+
+static void too_long_para15a(void)
+{
+	const struct MsgBuf msgbuf = {
+		.n_tags = 0,
+
+		.cmd = "PRIVMSG",
+		.origin = "origin",
+		.target = "#test",
+
+		.n_para = 15,
+		.para = { "test1", "test2", "test3", "test4", "test5", "test6", "test7", "test8", "test9", "test10", "test11", "test12", "test13", "test14", MKTEXT(400) },
+	};
+	char output[OUTPUT_BUFSIZE];
+
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		char tmp[2048];
+
+		strcpy(tmp, ":origin PRIVMSG #test test1 test2 test3 test4 test5 test6 test7 test8 test9 test10 test11 test12 test13 test14 ");
+		strcat(tmp, MKTEXT(400));
+		tmp[strlen(tmp) - 1] = 0;
+		is_int(510, strlen(tmp), MSG);
+
+		is_string(tmp, output, MSG);
+	}
+}
+
+static void long_para15b(void)
+{
+	char input[2048];
+	const struct MsgBuf msgbuf = {
+		.n_tags = 0,
+
+		.cmd = "PRIVMSG",
+		.origin = "origin",
+		.target = "#test",
+
+		.n_para = 15,
+		.para = { "test1", "test2", "test3", "test4", "test5", "test6", "test7", "test8", "test9", "test10", "test11", "test12", "test13", "test14", input },
+	};
+	char output[OUTPUT_BUFSIZE];
+
+	/* make second-last char ' ' so that a ':' prefix is required */
+	strcpy(input, MKTEXT(398));
+	input[strlen(input) - 2] = ' ';
+
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		char tmp[2048];
+
+		strcpy(tmp, ":origin PRIVMSG #test test1 test2 test3 test4 test5 test6 test7 test8 test9 test10 test11 test12 test13 test14 :");
+		strcat(tmp, MKTEXT(398));
+		tmp[strlen(tmp) - 2] = ' ';
+		is_int(510, strlen(tmp), MSG);
+
+		is_string(tmp, output, MSG);
+	}
+}
+
+static void too_long_para15b(void)
+{
+	char input[2048];
+	const struct MsgBuf msgbuf = {
+		.n_tags = 0,
+
+		.cmd = "PRIVMSG",
+		.origin = "origin",
+		.target = "#test",
+
+		.n_para = 15,
+		.para = { "test1", "test2", "test3", "test4", "test5", "test6", "test7", "test8", "test9", "test10", "test11", "test12", "test13", "test14", input },
+	};
+	char output[OUTPUT_BUFSIZE];
+
+	/* make second-last char ' ' so that a ':' prefix is required */
+	strcpy(input, MKTEXT(399));
+	input[strlen(input) - 3] = ' ';
+
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		char tmp[2048];
+
+		strcpy(tmp, ":origin PRIVMSG #test test1 test2 test3 test4 test5 test6 test7 test8 test9 test10 test11 test12 test13 test14 :");
+		strcat(tmp, MKTEXT(399));
+		tmp[strlen(tmp) - 3] = ' ';
+		tmp[strlen(tmp) - 1] = 0;
+		is_int(510, strlen(tmp), MSG);
+
+		is_string(tmp, output, MSG);
+	}
+}
+
+static const struct MsgBuf small_buffer_tags_msgbuf = {
+	.n_tags = 15,
+	.tags = {
+		{ .key = "tag1", .value = "value1", .capmask = 1 },
+		{ .key = "tag2", .value = "value2", .capmask = 1 },
+		{ .key = "tag3", .value = "value3", .capmask = 1 },
+		{ .key = "tag4", .value = "value4", .capmask = 1 },
+		{ .key = "tag5", .value = "value5", .capmask = 1 },
+		{ .key = "tag6", .value = "value6", .capmask = 1 },
+		{ .key = "tag7", .value = "value7", .capmask = 1 },
+		{ .key = "tag8", .value = "value8", .capmask = 1 },
+		{ .key = "tag9", .value = "value9", .capmask = 1 },
+		{ .key = "tag10", .value = "value10", .capmask = 1 },
+		{ .key = "tag11", .value = "value11", .capmask = 1 },
+		{ .key = "tag12", .value = "value12", .capmask = 1 },
+		{ .key = "tag13", .value = "value13", .capmask = 1 },
+		{ .key = "tag14", .value = "value14", .capmask = 1 },
+		{ .key = "tag15", .value = "value15", .capmask = 1 },
+	},
+
+	.cmd = "PRIVMSG",
+	.origin = "origin",
+	.target = "#test",
+
+	.n_para = 3,
+	.para = { "test", "test", "test test" },
+};
+
+static void small_buffer_tags_2_remaining_for_para(void)
+{
+	char output[100];
+
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &small_buffer_tags_msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		is_string("@tag1=value1;tag2=value2;tag3=value3;tag4=value4;tag5=value5;tag6=value6;tag7=value7;tag8=value8 :o", output, MSG);
+	}
+}
+
+static void small_buffer_tags_1_remaining_for_para(void)
+{
+	char output[99];
+
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &small_buffer_tags_msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		is_string("@tag1=value1;tag2=value2;tag3=value3;tag4=value4;tag5=value5;tag6=value6;tag7=value7;tag8=value8 :", output, MSG);
+	}
+}
+
+static void small_buffer_tags_0_remaining_for_para(void)
+{
+	char output[98];
+
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &small_buffer_tags_msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		is_string("@tag1=value1;tag2=value2;tag3=value3;tag4=value4;tag5=value5;tag6=value6;tag7=value7;tag8=value8 ", output, MSG);
+	}
+}
+
+static void small_buffer_tags_X_remaining_for_para(void)
+{
+	char output[97];
+
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &small_buffer_tags_msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		// Must leave enough space for a tag but not enough space for the tag
+		//        "                                                                                    ;tag8=value8 "
+		is_string("@tag1=value1;tag2=value2;tag3=value3;tag4=value4;tag5=value5;tag6=value6;tag7=value7 :origin PRI", output, MSG);
+	}
+}
+
+static const struct MsgBuf small_buffer_a_msgbuf = {
+	.n_tags = 3,
+	.tags = {
+		{ .key = "a", .value = NULL, .capmask = 1 },
+		{ .key = "c", .value = "d", .capmask = 1 },
+		{ .key = "e", .value = "f", .capmask = 1 },
+	},
+
+	.cmd = "PRIVMSG",
+	.origin = "origin",
+	.target = "#test",
+
+	.n_para = 3,
+	.para = { "test", "test", "test test" },
+};
+
+static const struct MsgBuf small_buffer_b_msgbuf = {
+	.n_tags = 3,
+	.tags = {
+		{ .key = "a", .value = "b", .capmask = 1 },
+		{ .key = "c", .value = "d", .capmask = 1 },
+		{ .key = "e", .value = "f", .capmask = 1 },
+	},
+
+	.cmd = "PRIVMSG",
+	.origin = "origin",
+	.target = "#test",
+
+	.n_para = 3,
+	.para = { "test", "test", "test test" },
+};
+
+static void small_buffer1(void)
+{
+	char output[1];
+
+	memset(output, 0, sizeof(output));
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &small_buffer_a_msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		is_int(sizeof(output) - 1, strlen(output), MSG);
+		is_string("", output, MSG);
+	}
+
+	memset(output, 0, sizeof(output));
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &small_buffer_b_msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		is_int(sizeof(output) - 1, strlen(output), MSG);
+		is_string("", output, MSG);
+	}
+}
+
+static void small_buffer2(void)
+{
+	char output[2];
+
+	memset(output, 0, sizeof(output));
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &small_buffer_a_msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		is_int(sizeof(output) - 1, strlen(output), MSG);
+		is_string(":", output, MSG);
+	}
+
+	memset(output, 0, sizeof(output));
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &small_buffer_b_msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		is_int(sizeof(output) - 1, strlen(output), MSG);
+		is_string(":", output, MSG);
+	}
+}
+
+static void small_buffer3(void)
+{
+	char output[3];
+
+	memset(output, 0, sizeof(output));
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &small_buffer_a_msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		is_int(sizeof(output) - 1, strlen(output), MSG);
+		is_string(":o", output, MSG);
+	}
+
+	memset(output, 0, sizeof(output));
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &small_buffer_b_msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		is_int(sizeof(output) - 1, strlen(output), MSG);
+		is_string(":o", output, MSG);
+	}
+}
+
+static void small_buffer4(void)
+{
+	char output[4];
+
+	memset(output, 0, sizeof(output));
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &small_buffer_a_msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		is_int(sizeof(output) - 1, strlen(output), MSG);
+		is_string("@a ", output, MSG);
+	}
+
+	memset(output, 0, sizeof(output));
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &small_buffer_b_msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		is_int(sizeof(output) - 1, strlen(output), MSG);
+		is_string(":or", output, MSG);
+	}
+}
+
+static void small_buffer5(void)
+{
+	char output[5];
+
+	memset(output, 0, sizeof(output));
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &small_buffer_a_msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		is_int(sizeof(output) - 1, strlen(output), MSG);
+		is_string("@a :", output, MSG);
+	}
+
+	memset(output, 0, sizeof(output));
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &small_buffer_b_msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		is_int(sizeof(output) - 1, strlen(output), MSG);
+		is_string(":ori", output, MSG);
+	}
+}
+
+static void small_buffer6(void)
+{
+	char output[6];
+
+	memset(output, 0, sizeof(output));
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &small_buffer_a_msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		is_int(sizeof(output) - 1, strlen(output), MSG);
+		is_string("@a :o", output, MSG);
+	}
+
+	memset(output, 0, sizeof(output));
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &small_buffer_b_msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		is_int(sizeof(output) - 1, strlen(output), MSG);
+		is_string("@a=b ", output, MSG);
+	}
+}
+
+static void small_buffer7(void)
+{
+	char output[7];
+
+	memset(output, 0, sizeof(output));
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &small_buffer_a_msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		is_int(sizeof(output) - 1, strlen(output), MSG);
+		is_string("@a :or", output, MSG);
+	}
+
+	memset(output, 0, sizeof(output));
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &small_buffer_b_msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		is_int(sizeof(output) - 1, strlen(output), MSG);
+		is_string("@a=b :", output, MSG);
+	}
+}
+
+static void small_buffer8(void)
+{
+	char output[8];
+
+	memset(output, 0, sizeof(output));
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &small_buffer_a_msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		is_int(sizeof(output) - 1, strlen(output), MSG);
+		is_string("@a;c=d ", output, MSG);
+	}
+
+	memset(output, 0, sizeof(output));
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &small_buffer_b_msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		is_int(sizeof(output) - 1, strlen(output), MSG);
+		is_string("@a=b :o", output, MSG);
+	}
+}
+
+static void small_buffer9(void)
+{
+	char output[9];
+
+	memset(output, 0, sizeof(output));
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &small_buffer_a_msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		is_int(sizeof(output) - 1, strlen(output), MSG);
+		is_string("@a;c=d :", output, MSG);
+	}
+
+	memset(output, 0, sizeof(output));
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &small_buffer_b_msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		is_int(sizeof(output) - 1, strlen(output), MSG);
+		is_string("@a=b :or", output, MSG);
+	}
+}
+
+static void small_buffer10(void)
+{
+	char output[10];
+
+	memset(output, 0, sizeof(output));
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &small_buffer_a_msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		is_int(sizeof(output) - 1, strlen(output), MSG);
+		is_string("@a;c=d :o", output, MSG);
+	}
+
+	memset(output, 0, sizeof(output));
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &small_buffer_b_msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		is_int(sizeof(output) - 1, strlen(output), MSG);
+		is_string("@a=b;c=d ", output, MSG);
+	}
+}
+
+static void small_buffer11(void)
+{
+	char output[11];
+
+	memset(output, 0, sizeof(output));
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &small_buffer_a_msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		is_int(sizeof(output) - 1, strlen(output), MSG);
+		is_string("@a;c=d :or", output, MSG);
+	}
+
+	memset(output, 0, sizeof(output));
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &small_buffer_b_msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		is_int(sizeof(output) - 1, strlen(output), MSG);
+		is_string("@a=b;c=d :", output, MSG);
+	}
+}
+
+static void small_buffer12(void)
+{
+	char output[12];
+
+	memset(output, 0, sizeof(output));
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &small_buffer_a_msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		is_int(sizeof(output) - 1, strlen(output), MSG);
+		is_string("@a;c=d;e=f ", output, MSG);
+	}
+
+	memset(output, 0, sizeof(output));
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &small_buffer_b_msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		is_int(sizeof(output) - 1, strlen(output), MSG);
+		is_string("@a=b;c=d :o", output, MSG);
+	}
+}
+
+static void small_buffer13(void)
+{
+	char output[13];
+
+	memset(output, 0, sizeof(output));
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &small_buffer_a_msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		is_int(sizeof(output) - 1, strlen(output), MSG);
+		is_string("@a;c=d;e=f :", output, MSG);
+	}
+
+	memset(output, 0, sizeof(output));
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &small_buffer_b_msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		is_int(sizeof(output) - 1, strlen(output), MSG);
+		is_string("@a=b;c=d :or", output, MSG);
+	}
+}
+
+static void small_buffer14(void)
+{
+	char output[14];
+
+	memset(output, 0, sizeof(output));
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &small_buffer_a_msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		is_int(sizeof(output) - 1, strlen(output), MSG);
+		is_string("@a;c=d;e=f :o", output, MSG);
+	}
+
+	memset(output, 0, sizeof(output));
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &small_buffer_b_msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		is_int(sizeof(output) - 1, strlen(output), MSG);
+		is_string("@a=b;c=d;e=f ", output, MSG);
+	}
+}
+
+static void small_buffer15(void)
+{
+	char output[15];
+
+	memset(output, 0, sizeof(output));
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &small_buffer_a_msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		is_int(sizeof(output) - 1, strlen(output), MSG);
+		is_string("@a;c=d;e=f :or", output, MSG);
+	}
+
+	memset(output, 0, sizeof(output));
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &small_buffer_b_msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		is_int(sizeof(output) - 1, strlen(output), MSG);
+		is_string("@a=b;c=d;e=f :", output, MSG);
+	}
+}
+
+static const struct MsgBuf long_tags_small_buffer_msgbuf = {
+	.n_tags = 1,
+	.tags = {
+		{ .key = MKTEXT(510), .value = NULL, .capmask = 1 },
+	},
+
+	.cmd = "PRIVMSG",
+	.origin = "origin",
+	.target = "#test",
+
+	.n_para = 3,
+	.para = { "test", "test", "test test" },
+};
+
+#define LONG_TAGS "@10abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwx"\
+"yzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789ZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBAzyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUT"\
+"SRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBAzyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcba9876543210abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOP"\
+"QRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789ZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCB"\
+"AzyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBAzyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcba9876543210abcdefgh"\
+"ijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ "
+
+static void long_tags_small_buffer0(void)
+{
+	char output[TAGSLEN + 0 + 1];
+
+	memset(output, 0, sizeof(output));
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &long_tags_small_buffer_msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		is_int(sizeof(output) - 1, strlen(output), MSG);
+		is_string(LONG_TAGS "", output, MSG);
+	}
+}
+
+static void long_tags_small_buffer1(void)
+{
+	char output[TAGSLEN + 1 + 1];
+
+	memset(output, 0, sizeof(output));
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &long_tags_small_buffer_msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		is_int(sizeof(output) - 1, strlen(output), MSG);
+		is_string(LONG_TAGS ":", output, MSG);
+	}
+}
+
+static void long_tags_small_buffer2(void)
+{
+	char output[TAGSLEN + 2 + 1];
+
+	memset(output, 0, sizeof(output));
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &long_tags_small_buffer_msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		is_int(sizeof(output) - 1, strlen(output), MSG);
+		is_string(LONG_TAGS ":o", output, MSG);
+	}
+}
+
+static void long_tags_small_buffer3(void)
+{
+	char output[TAGSLEN + 3 + 1];
+
+	memset(output, 0, sizeof(output));
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &long_tags_small_buffer_msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		is_int(sizeof(output) - 1, strlen(output), MSG);
+		is_string(LONG_TAGS ":or", output, MSG);
+	}
+}
+
+static void long_tags_small_buffer4(void)
+{
+	char output[TAGSLEN + 4 + 1];
+
+	memset(output, 0, sizeof(output));
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &long_tags_small_buffer_msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		is_int(sizeof(output) - 1, strlen(output), MSG);
+		is_string(LONG_TAGS ":ori", output, MSG);
+	}
+}
+
+static void long_tags_small_buffer5(void)
+{
+	char output[TAGSLEN + 5 + 1];
+
+	memset(output, 0, sizeof(output));
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &long_tags_small_buffer_msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		is_int(sizeof(output) - 1, strlen(output), MSG);
+		is_string(LONG_TAGS ":orig", output, MSG);
+	}
+}
+
+static const struct MsgBuf no_tags_small_buffer_msgbuf = {
+	.n_tags = 0,
+
+	.cmd = "PRIVMSG",
+	.origin = "origin",
+	.target = "#test",
+
+	.n_para = 3,
+	.para = { "test", "test", "test test" },
+};
+
+static void no_tags_small_buffer1(void)
+{
+	char output[1];
+
+	memset(output, 0, sizeof(output));
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &no_tags_small_buffer_msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		is_int(sizeof(output) - 1, strlen(output), MSG);
+		is_string("", output, MSG);
+	}
+}
+
+static void no_tags_small_buffer2(void)
+{
+	char output[2];
+
+	memset(output, 0, sizeof(output));
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &no_tags_small_buffer_msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		is_int(sizeof(output) - 1, strlen(output), MSG);
+		is_string(":", output, MSG);
+	}
+}
+
+static void no_tags_small_buffer3(void)
+{
+	char output[3];
+
+	memset(output, 0, sizeof(output));
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &no_tags_small_buffer_msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		is_int(sizeof(output) - 1, strlen(output), MSG);
+		is_string(":o", output, MSG);
+	}
+}
+
+static void no_tags_small_buffer4(void)
+{
+	char output[4];
+
+	memset(output, 0, sizeof(output));
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &no_tags_small_buffer_msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		is_int(sizeof(output) - 1, strlen(output), MSG);
+		is_string(":or", output, MSG);
+	}
+}
+
+static void no_tags_small_buffer5(void)
+{
+	char output[5];
+
+	memset(output, 0, sizeof(output));
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &no_tags_small_buffer_msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		is_int(sizeof(output) - 1, strlen(output), MSG);
+		is_string(":ori", output, MSG);
+	}
+}
+
+static void no_tags_small_buffer6(void)
+{
+	char output[6];
+
+	memset(output, 0, sizeof(output));
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &no_tags_small_buffer_msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		is_int(sizeof(output) - 1, strlen(output), MSG);
+		is_string(":orig", output, MSG);
+	}
+}
+
+static void para_no_origin(void)
+{
+	const struct MsgBuf msgbuf = {
+		.n_tags = 0,
+
+		.cmd = "PRIVMSG",
+		.origin = NULL,
+		.target = "#test",
+
+		.n_para = 3,
+		.para = { "test1", "test2", "test3 test4" },
+	};
+	char output[OUTPUT_BUFSIZE];
+
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		is_string(":me.name. PRIVMSG #test test1 test2 :test3 test4", output, MSG);
+	}
+}
+
+static void para_no_cmd(void)
+{
+	const struct MsgBuf msgbuf = {
+		.n_tags = 0,
+
+		.cmd = NULL,
+		.origin = "origin",
+		.target = "#test",
+
+		.n_para = 3,
+		.para = { "test1", "test2", "test3 test4" },
+	};
+	char output[OUTPUT_BUFSIZE];
+
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		is_string(":origin #test test1 test2 :test3 test4", output, MSG);
+	}
+}
+
+static void para_no_target(void)
+{
+	const struct MsgBuf msgbuf = {
+		.n_tags = 0,
+
+		.cmd = "PRIVMSG",
+		.origin = "origin",
+		.target = NULL,
+
+		.n_para = 3,
+		.para = { "test1", "test2", "test3 test4" },
+	};
+	char output[OUTPUT_BUFSIZE];
+
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		is_string(":origin PRIVMSG test1 test2 :test3 test4", output, MSG);
+	}
+}
+
+static void para_no_origin_no_cmd(void)
+{
+	const struct MsgBuf msgbuf = {
+		.n_tags = 0,
+
+		.cmd = NULL,
+		.origin = NULL,
+		.target = "#test",
+
+		.n_para = 3,
+		.para = { "test1", "test2", "test3 test4" },
+	};
+	char output[OUTPUT_BUFSIZE];
+
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		is_string(":me.name. #test test1 test2 :test3 test4", output, MSG);
+	}
+}
+
+static void para_no_origin_no_target(void)
+{
+	const struct MsgBuf msgbuf = {
+		.n_tags = 0,
+
+		.cmd = "PRIVMSG",
+		.origin = NULL,
+		.target = NULL,
+
+		.n_para = 3,
+		.para = { "test1", "test2", "test3 test4" },
+	};
+	char output[OUTPUT_BUFSIZE];
+
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		is_string(":me.name. PRIVMSG test1 test2 :test3 test4", output, MSG);
+	}
+}
+
+static void para_no_cmd_no_target(void)
+{
+	const struct MsgBuf msgbuf = {
+		.n_tags = 0,
+
+		.cmd = NULL,
+		.origin = "origin",
+		.target = NULL,
+
+		.n_para = 3,
+		.para = { "test1", "test2", "test3 test4" },
+	};
+	char output[OUTPUT_BUFSIZE];
+
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		is_string(":origin test1 test2 :test3 test4", output, MSG);
+	}
+}
+
+static void para_no_origin_no_cmd_no_target(void)
+{
+	const struct MsgBuf msgbuf = {
+		.n_tags = 0,
+
+		.cmd = NULL,
+		.origin = NULL,
+		.target = NULL,
+
+		.n_para = 3,
+		.para = { "test1", "test2", "test3 test4" },
+	};
+	char output[OUTPUT_BUFSIZE];
+
+	if (is_int(0, msgbuf_unparse(output, sizeof(output), &msgbuf, 1), MSG)) {
+		is_string(":me.name. test1 test2 :test3 test4", output, MSG);
+	}
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[])
+{
+	memset(&me, 0, sizeof(me));
+	strcpy(me.name, "me.name.");
+
+	plan_lazy();
+
+	is_int(512, TAGSLEN, MSG);
+	is_int(510, DATALEN, MSG);
+	is_int(512 + 510 + 1, EXT_BUFSIZE, MSG);
+
+	basic_tags1();
+	basic_tags2();
+	basic_tags15();
+	basic_tags15_capmask1();
+	basic_tags15_capmask2();
+
+	no_tags();
+	empty_tag();
+
+	long_tag1_no_value();
+	long_tag1_empty_value();
+	long_tag1_short_value();
+	short_tag1_long_value();
+	short_tag1_long_value();
+	short_tag1_long_value();
+
+	too_long_tag1_no_value();
+	too_long_tag1_empty_value();
+	too_long_tag1_short_value();
+	short_tag1_too_long_value();
+	short_tag1_too_long_value();
+	short_tag1_too_long_value();
+
+	long_tag2a_no_value();
+	long_tag2b_no_value();
+	long_tag2c_no_value();
+	long_tag2a_empty_value();
+	long_tag2b_empty_value();
+	long_tag2c_empty_value();
+	long_tag2a_short_value();
+	long_tag2b_short_value();
+	long_tag2c_short_value();
+	short_tag2a_long_value();
+	short_tag2b_long_value();
+	short_tag2c_long_value();
+
+	too_long_tag2a_no_value();
+	too_long_tag2b_no_value();
+	too_long_tag2c_no_value();
+	too_long_tag2a_empty_value();
+	too_long_tag2b_empty_value();
+	too_long_tag2c_empty_value();
+	too_long_tag2a_short_value();
+	too_long_tag2b_short_value();
+	too_long_tag2c_short_value();
+	short_tag2a_too_long_value();
+	short_tag2b_too_long_value();
+	short_tag2c_too_long_value();
+
+	too_long_for_tag2a_0remaining();
+	too_long_for_tag2a_1remaining();
+	too_long_for_tag2a_2remaining();
+	too_long_for_tag2a_3remaining();
+	too_long_for_tag2a_3short();
+	too_long_for_tag2a_2short();
+	too_long_for_tag2a_1short();
+	exact_space_for_tag2a();
+
+	too_long_for_tag2b_0remaining();
+	too_long_for_tag2b_1remaining();
+	too_long_for_tag2b_2remaining();
+	too_long_for_tag2b_3remaining();
+	too_long_for_tag2b_3short();
+	too_long_for_tag2b_2short();
+	too_long_for_tag2b_1short();
+	exact_space_for_tag2b();
+
+	escape_test();
+
+	long_para1a();
+	too_long_para1a();
+	long_para1b();
+	too_long_para1b();
+
+	long_para2a();
+	too_long_para2a();
+	long_para2b();
+	too_long_para2b();
+
+	long_para3a();
+	too_long_para3a();
+	long_para3b();
+	too_long_para3b();
+
+	long_para15a();
+	too_long_para15a();
+	long_para15b();
+	too_long_para15b();
+
+	small_buffer_tags_2_remaining_for_para();
+	small_buffer_tags_1_remaining_for_para();
+	small_buffer_tags_0_remaining_for_para();
+	small_buffer_tags_X_remaining_for_para();
+
+	small_buffer1();
+	small_buffer2();
+	small_buffer3();
+	small_buffer4();
+	small_buffer5();
+	small_buffer6();
+	small_buffer7();
+	small_buffer8();
+	small_buffer9();
+	small_buffer10();
+	small_buffer11();
+	small_buffer12();
+	small_buffer13();
+	small_buffer14();
+	small_buffer15();
+
+	long_tags_small_buffer0();
+	long_tags_small_buffer1();
+	long_tags_small_buffer2();
+	long_tags_small_buffer3();
+	long_tags_small_buffer4();
+	long_tags_small_buffer5();
+
+	no_tags_small_buffer1();
+	no_tags_small_buffer2();
+	no_tags_small_buffer3();
+	no_tags_small_buffer4();
+	no_tags_small_buffer5();
+	no_tags_small_buffer6();
+
+	para_no_origin();
+	para_no_cmd();
+	para_no_target();
+	para_no_origin_no_cmd();
+	para_no_origin_no_target();
+	para_no_cmd_no_target();
+	para_no_origin_no_cmd_no_target();
+
+	// TODO msgbuf_vunparse_fmt
+
+	return 0;
+}