reactos/freeldr/bootsect/fat32.asm
Brian Palmer 3662f1f720 BIOS Int 13h Extensions Support
New .ini file format (sort of) - changed some parameter names, etc.
More efficient .ini file parsing code
More efficient use of memory, smaller image file
Total rewrite of file system code (the old stuff sucked)
VFAT Long File Names now supported!
ReactOS is the only boot type supported currently, disabled all others (temporarily)

svn path=/trunk/; revision=2372
2001-11-15 07:48:33 +00:00

505 lines
16 KiB
NASM

; FAT32.ASM
; FAT32 Boot Sector
; Copyright (c) 1998, 2000, 2001 Brian Palmer
;org 7c00h
org 0
segment .text
bits 16
start:
jmp short main
nop
OEMName db 'FrLdr1.0'
BytesPerSector dw 512
SectsPerCluster db 0
ReservedSectors dw 32
NumberOfFats db 2
MaxRootEntries dw 0 ; Always zero for FAT32 volumes
TotalSectors dw 0 ; Always zero for FAT32 volumes
MediaDescriptor db 0f8h
SectorsPerFat dw 0 ; Always zero for FAT32 volumes
SectorsPerTrack dw 0
NumberOfHeads dw 0
HiddenSectors dd 0
TotalSectorsBig dd 0
; FAT32 Inserted Info
SectorsPerFatBig dd 0
ExtendedFlags dw 0
FSVersion dw 0
RootDirStartCluster dd 0
FSInfoSector dw 0
BackupBootSector dw 6
Reserved1 times 12 db 0
; End FAT32 Inserted Info
BootDrive db 0
Reserved db 0
ExtendSig db 29h
SerialNumber dd 00000000h
VolumeLabel db 'NO NAME '
FileSystem db 'FAT32 '
main:
cli
cld
; Lets copy ourselves from 0000:7c00 to 9000:0000
; and transfer control to the new code
xor ax,ax
mov ds,ax
mov si,7c00h
mov ax,9000h
mov es,ax
xor di,di
mov cx,512
rep movsb
jmp 0x9000:RealMain
; Now we are executing at 9000:xxxx
; We are now free to load freeldr.sys at 0000:7e00
RealMain:
xor ax,ax
mov bp,ax
mov sp,ax ; Setup a stack
mov ax,cs ; Setup segment registers
mov ds,ax ; Make DS correct
mov es,ax ; Make ES correct
mov ss,ax ; Make SS correct
sti ; Enable ints now
CheckSectorsPerFat:
cmp WORD [BYTE bp+SectorsPerFat],byte 0x00 ; Check the old 16-bit value of SectorsPerFat
jnz CheckFailed ; If it is non-zero then exit with an error
CheckTotalSectors: ; Check the old 16-bit value of TotalSectors & MaxRootEntries
cmp DWORD [BYTE bp+MaxRootEntries],byte 0x00; by comparing the DWORD at offset MaxRootEntries to zero
jnz CheckFailed ; If it is non-zero then exit with an error
CheckFileSystemVersion:
cmp WORD [BYTE bp+FSVersion],byte 0x00 ; Check the file system version word
jna GetDriveParameters ; It is zero, so continue
CheckFailed:
jmp PrintFileSystemError ; If it is not zero then exit with an error
GetDriveParameters:
mov ax,0800h
mov dl,[BYTE bp+BootDrive] ; Get boot drive in dl
int 13h ; Request drive parameters from the bios
jnc CalcDriveSize ; If the call succeeded then calculate the drive size
; If we get here then the call to the BIOS failed
; so just set CHS equal to the maximum addressable
; size
mov cx,0ffffh
mov dh,cl
CalcDriveSize:
; Now that we have the drive geometry
; lets calculate the drive size
mov bl,ch ; Put the low 8-bits of the cylinder count into BL
mov bh,cl ; Put the high 2-bits in BH
shr bh,6 ; Shift them into position, now BX contains the cylinder count
and cl,3fh ; Mask off cylinder bits from sector count
; CL now contains sectors per track and DH contains head count
movzx eax,dh ; Move the heads into EAX
movzx ebx,bx ; Move the cylinders into EBX
movzx ecx,cl ; Move the sectors per track into ECX
inc eax ; Make it one based because the bios returns it zero based
inc ebx ; Make the cylinder count one based also
mul ecx ; Multiply heads with the sectors per track, result in edx:eax
mul ebx ; Multiply the cylinders with (heads * sectors) [stored in edx:eax already]
; We now have the total number of sectors as reported
; by the bios in eax, so store it in our variable
mov [BiosCHSDriveSize],eax
LoadExtraBootCode:
; First we have to load our extra boot code at
; sector 14 into memory at [9000:0200h]
mov eax,0eh
add eax,DWORD [BYTE bp+HiddenSectors] ; Add the number of hidden sectors
mov cx,1
mov bx,9000h
mov es,bx ; Read sector to [9000:0200h]
mov bx,0200h
call ReadSectors
jmp StartSearch
; Reads logical sectors into [ES:BX]
; EAX has logical sector number to read
; CX has number of sectors to read
ReadSectors:
cmp eax,DWORD [BiosCHSDriveSize] ; Check if they are reading a sector within CHS range
jbe ReadSectorsCHS ; Yes - go to the old CHS routine
ReadSectorsLBA:
pushad ; Save logical sector number & sector count
o32 push byte 0
push eax ; Put 64-bit logical block address on stack
push es ; Put transfer segment on stack
push bx ; Put transfer offset on stack
push byte 1 ; Set transfer count to 1 sector
push byte 0x10 ; Set size of packet to 10h
mov si,sp ; Setup disk address packet on stack
CheckInt13hExtensions: ; Now make sure this computer supports extended reads
mov ah,0x41 ; AH = 41h
mov bx,0x55aa ; BX = 55AAh
mov dl,[BYTE bp+BootDrive] ; DL = drive (80h-FFh)
int 13h ; IBM/MS INT 13 Extensions - INSTALLATION CHECK
jc PrintDiskError ; CF set on error (extensions not supported)
cmp bx,0xaa55 ; BX = AA55h if installed
jne PrintDiskError
test cl,1 ; CX = API subset support bitmap
jz PrintDiskError ; Bit 0, extended disk access functions (AH=42h-44h,47h,48h) supported
; Good, we're here so the computer supports LBA disk access
; So finish the extended read
mov dl,[BYTE bp+BootDrive] ; Drive number
mov ah,42h ; Int 13h, AH = 42h - Extended Read
int 13h ; Call BIOS
jc PrintDiskError ; If the read failed then abort
add sp,0x10 ; Remove disk address packet from stack
popad ; Restore sector count & logical sector number
inc eax ; Increment sector to read
mov dx,es
add dx,byte 20h ; Increment read buffer for next sector
mov es,dx
loop ReadSectorsLBA ; Read next sector
ret
; Reads logical sectors into [ES:BX]
; EAX has logical sector number to read
; CX has number of sectors to read
ReadSectorsCHS:
pushad
xor edx,edx
movzx ecx,WORD [BYTE bp+SectorsPerTrack]
div ecx ; Divide logical by SectorsPerTrack
inc dl ; Sectors numbering starts at 1 not 0
mov cl,dl ; Sector in CL
mov edx,eax
shr edx,16
div WORD [BYTE bp+NumberOfHeads] ; Divide logical by number of heads
mov dh,dl ; Head in DH
mov dl,[BYTE bp+BootDrive] ; Drive number in DL
mov ch,al ; Cylinder in CX
ror ah,1 ; Low 8 bits of cylinder in CH, high 2 bits
ror ah,1 ; in CL shifted to bits 6 & 7
or cl,ah ; Or with sector number
mov ax,0201h
int 13h ; DISK - READ SECTORS INTO MEMORY
; AL = number of sectors to read, CH = track, CL = sector
; DH = head, DL = drive, ES:BX -> buffer to fill
; Return: CF set on error, AH = status (see AH=01h), AL = number of sectors read
jc PrintDiskError ; If the read failed then abort
popad
inc eax ; Increment Sector to Read
mov dx,es
add dx,byte 20h ; Increment read buffer for next sector
mov es,dx
loop ReadSectorsCHS ; Read next sector
ret
; Displays a disk error message
; And reboots
PrintDiskError:
mov si,msgDiskError ; Bad boot disk message
call PutChars ; Display it
mov si,msgAnyKey ; Press any key message
call PutChars ; Display it
jmp Reboot
; Displays a file system error message
; And reboots
PrintFileSystemError:
mov si,msgFileSystemError ; FreeLdr not found message
call PutChars ; Display it
mov si,msgAnyKey ; Press any key message
call PutChars ; Display it
Reboot:
xor ax,ax
int 16h ; Wait for a keypress
int 19h ; Reboot
PutChars:
lodsb
or al,al
jz short Done
mov ah,0eh
mov bx,07h
int 10h
jmp short PutChars
Done:
retn
BiosCHSDriveSize dd 0
msgDiskError db 'Disk error',0dh,0ah,0
msgFileSystemError db 'File system error',0dh,0ah,0
msgAnyKey db 'Press any key to restart',0dh,0ah,0
times 510-($-$$) db 0 ; Pad to 510 bytes
dw 0aa55h ; BootSector signature
; End of bootsector
;
; Now starts the extra boot code that we will store
; at sector 14 on a FAT32 volume
;
; To remain multi-boot compatible with other operating
; systems we must not overwrite anything other than
; the bootsector which means we will have to use
; a different sector like 14 to store our extra boot code
StartSearch:
; Now we must get the first cluster of the root directory
mov eax,DWORD [BYTE bp+RootDirStartCluster]
cmp eax,0ffffff8h ; Check to see if this is the last cluster in the chain
jb ContinueSearch ; If not continue, if so then we didn't find freeldr.sys
jmp PrintFileNotFound
ContinueSearch:
mov bx,7e0h
mov es,bx ; Read cluster to [0000:7e00h]
call ReadCluster ; Read the cluster
; Now we have to find our way through the root directory to
; The OSLOADER.SYS file
xor bx,bx
mov bl,[BYTE bp+SectsPerCluster]
shl bx,4 ; BX = BX * 512 / 32
mov ax,7e0h ; We loaded at 07e0:0000
mov es,ax
xor di,di
mov si,filename
mov cx,11
rep cmpsb ; Compare filenames
jz FoundFile ; If same we found it
dec bx
jnz FindFile
jmp PrintFileNotFound
FindFile:
mov ax,es ; We didn't find it in the previous dir entry
add ax,2 ; So lets move to the next one
mov es,ax ; And search again
xor di,di
mov si,filename
mov cx,11
rep cmpsb ; Compare filenames
jz FoundFile ; If same we found it
dec bx ; Keep searching till we run out of dir entries
jnz FindFile ; Last entry?
; Get the next root dir cluster and try again until we run out of clusters
mov eax,DWORD [BYTE bp+RootDirStartCluster]
call GetFatEntry
mov [BYTE bp+RootDirStartCluster],eax
jmp StartSearch
FoundFile:
; Lets save the contents of the screen
; from B800:0000 to 9000:8000
pushad
mov ax,0b800h
mov ds,ax
xor si,si
mov ax,9800h
mov es,ax
xor di,di
mov cx,2000 ; Copy 2000 characters (screen is 80x25)
rep movsw ; 2 bytes a character (one is the attribute byte)
mov ah,03h ; AH = 03h
xor bx,bx ; BH = video page
int 10h ; BIOS Int 10h Func 3 - Read Cursor Position and Size
mov [es:di],dx ; DH = row, DL = column
; Display "Loading FreeLoader..." message
mov si,msgLoading ; Loading message
call PutChars ; Display it
popad
xor di,di ; ES:DI has dir entry
xor dx,dx
mov ax,WORD [es:di+14h] ; Get start cluster high word
shl eax,16
mov ax,WORD [es:di+1ah] ; Get start cluster low word
CheckStartCluster:
cmp eax,2 ; Check and see if the start cluster starts at cluster 2 or above
jnb CheckEndCluster ; If so then continue
jmp PrintFileSystemError ; If not exit with error
CheckEndCluster:
cmp eax,0ffffff8h ; Check and see if the start cluster is and end of cluster chain indicator
jb InitializeLoadSegment ; If not then continue
jmp PrintFileSystemError ; If so exit with error
InitializeLoadSegment:
mov bx,7e0h
mov es,bx
LoadFile:
cmp eax,0ffffff8h ; Check to see if this is the last cluster in the chain
jae LoadFileDone ; If so continue, if not then read the next one
push eax
xor bx,bx ; Load ROSLDR starting at 0000:7e00h
push es
call ReadCluster
pop es
xor bx,bx
mov bl,[BYTE bp+SectsPerCluster]
shl bx,5 ; BX = BX * 512 / 16
mov ax,es ; Increment the load address by
add ax,bx ; The size of a cluster
mov es,ax
pop eax
push es
call GetFatEntry ; Get the next entry
pop es
jmp LoadFile ; Load the next cluster (if any)
LoadFileDone:
mov dl,[BYTE bp+BootDrive]
xor ax,ax ; We loaded at 0000:7e00 but the entry point is 0000:8000
push ax ; because the first 512 bytes is fat helper code
push WORD 8000h ; We will do a far return to 0000:8000h
retf ; Transfer control to ROSLDR
; Returns the FAT entry for a given cluster number
; On entry EAX has cluster number
; On return EAX has FAT entry for that cluster
GetFatEntry:
shl eax,2 ; EAX = EAX * 4 (since FAT32 entries are 4 bytes)
mov ecx,eax ; Save this for later in ECX
xor edx,edx
movzx ebx,WORD [BYTE bp+BytesPerSector]
push ebx
div ebx ; FAT Sector Number = EAX / BytesPerSector
movzx ebx,WORD [BYTE bp+ReservedSectors]
add eax,ebx ; FAT Sector Number += ReservedSectors
mov ebx,DWORD [BYTE bp+HiddenSectors]
add eax,ebx ; FAT Sector Number += HiddenSectors
pop ebx
dec ebx
and ecx,ebx ; FAT Offset Within Sector = ECX % BytesPerSector
; EAX holds logical FAT sector number
; ECX holds FAT entry offset
; Now we have to check the extended flags
; to see which FAT is the active one
; and use it, or if they are mirrored then
; no worries
movzx ebx,WORD [BYTE bp+ExtendedFlags] ; Get extended flags and put into ebx
and bx,0x0f ; Mask off upper 8 bits, now we have active fat in bl
jz LoadFatSector ; If fat is mirrored then skip fat calcs
cmp bl,[BYTE bp+NumberOfFats] ; Compare bl to number of fats
jb GetActiveFatOffset
jmp PrintFileSystemError ; If bl is bigger than numfats exit with error
GetActiveFatOffset:
push eax ; Save logical FAT sector number
mov eax,[BYTE bp+SectorsPerFatBig] ; Get the number of sectors occupied by one fat in eax
mul ebx ; Multiplied by the active FAT index we have in ebx
pop edx ; Get logical FAT sector number
add eax,edx ; Add the current FAT sector offset
LoadFatSector:
push ecx
; EAX holds logical FAT sector number
mov bx,7000h
mov es,bx
xor bx,bx ; We will load it to [7000:0000h]
mov cx,1
call ReadSectors
mov bx,7000h
mov es,bx
pop ecx
mov eax,DWORD [es:ecx] ; Get FAT entry
and eax,0fffffffh ; Mask off reserved bits
ret
; Reads cluster number in EAX into [ES:0000]
ReadCluster:
; StartSector = ((Cluster - 2) * SectorsPerCluster) + ReservedSectors + HiddenSectors;
dec eax
dec eax
xor edx,edx
movzx ebx,BYTE [BYTE bp+SectsPerCluster]
mul ebx
push eax
xor edx,edx
movzx eax,BYTE [BYTE bp+NumberOfFats]
mul DWORD [BYTE bp+SectorsPerFatBig]
movzx ebx,WORD [BYTE bp+ReservedSectors]
add eax,ebx
add eax,DWORD [BYTE bp+HiddenSectors]
pop ebx
add eax,ebx ; EAX now contains the logical sector number of the cluster
xor bx,bx ; We will load it to [ES:0000], ES loaded before function call
movzx cx,BYTE [BYTE bp+SectsPerCluster]
call ReadSectors
ret
; Displays a file not found error message
; And reboots
PrintFileNotFound:
mov si,msgFreeLdr ; FreeLdr not found message
call PutChars ; Display it
mov si,msgAnyKey ; Press any key message
call PutChars ; Display it
jmp Reboot
msgFreeLdr db 'FREELDR.SYS not found',0dh,0ah,0
filename db 'FREELDR SYS'
msgLoading db 'Loading FreeLoader...',0dh,0ah,0
times 1022-($-$$) db 0 ; Pad to 1022 bytes
dw 0aa55h ; BootSector signature