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144 lines
5.1 KiB
Groff
144 lines
5.1 KiB
Groff
.TH DOSFSCK 8 "December 31 1997" "Linux" "MAINTENANCE COMMANDS"
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.SH NAME
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dosfsck \- check and repair MS-DOS file systems
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.SH SYNOPSIS
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.ad l
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.B dosfsck
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.RB [ \-aAflnrtvVwy ]
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.RB [ \-d\ \fIpath\fB\ \-d\ \fI...\fB ]
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.RB [ \-u\ \fIpath\fB\ \-u\ \fI...\fB ]
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.I device
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.ad b
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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.B dosfsck
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verifies the consistency of MS-DOS file systems and optionally tries to
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repair them. The following file system problems can be corrected (in this
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order):
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.IP \-
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FAT contains invalid cluster numbers. Cluster is changed to EOF.
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.PD 0
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.IP \-
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File's cluster chain contains a loop. The loop is broken.
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.IP \-
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Bad clusters (read errors). The clusters are marked bad and they are
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removed from files owning them. This check is optional.
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.IP \-
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Directories with a large number of bad entries (probably corrupt). The
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directory can be dropped.
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.IP \-
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Files . and .. are non-directories. They can be dropped or renamed.
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.IP \-
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Directories . and .. in root directory. They are dropped.
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.IP \-
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Bad file names. They can be renamed.
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.IP \-
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Duplicate directory entries. They can be dropped or renamed.
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.IP \-
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Directories with non-zero size field. Size is set to zero.
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.IP \-
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Directory . does not point to parent directory. The start pointer is
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adjusted.
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.IP \-
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Directory .. does not point to parent of parent directory. The start pointer
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is adjusted.
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.IP \-
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Start cluster number of a file is invalid. The file is truncated.
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.IP \-
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File contains bad or free clusters. The file is truncated.
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.IP \-
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File's cluster chain is longer than indicated by the size fields. The file
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is truncated.
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.IP \-
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Two or more files share the same cluster(s). All but one of the files are
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truncated. If the file being truncated is a directory file that has already
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been read, the file system check is restarted after truncation.
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.IP \-
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File's cluster chain is shorter than indicated by the size fields. The file
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is truncated.
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.IP \-
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Clusters are marked as used but are not owned by a file. They are marked
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as free.
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.PD
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.LP
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Additionally, the following problems are detected, but not repaired:
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.IP \-
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Invalid parameters in boot sector.
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.PD 0
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.IP \-
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Absence of . and .. entries in non-root directories
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.PD
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.LP
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When \fBdosfsck\fP checks a file system, it accumulates all changes in memory
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and performs them only after all checks are complete. This can be disabled
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with the \fB\-w\fP option.
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.SH OPTIONS
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.IP \fB\-a\fP
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Automatically repair the file system. No user intervention is necessary.
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Whenever there is more than one method to solve a problem, the least
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destructive approach is used.
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.IP \fB\-A\fP
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Use Atari variation of the MS-DOS filesystem. This is default if
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\fBdosfsck\fP is run on an Atari, then this option turns off Atari
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format. There are some minor differences in Atari format: Some boot
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sector fields are interpreted slightly different, and the special FAT
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entries for end-of-file and bad cluster can be different. Under
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MS-DOS 0xfff8 is used for EOF and Atari employs 0xffff by default, but
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both systems recognize all values from 0xfff8...0xffff as end-of-file.
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MS-DOS uses only 0xfff7 for bad clusters, where on Atari values
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0xfff0...0xfff7 are for this purpose (but the standard value is still
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0xfff7).
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.IP \fB\-d\fP
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Drop the specified file. If more that one file with that name exists, the
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first one is dropped.
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.IP \fB\-f\fP
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Salvage unused cluster chains to files. By default, unused clusters are
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added to the free disk space except in auto mode (\fB-a\fP).
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.IP \fB\-l\fP
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List path names of files being processed.
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.IP \fB\-n\fP
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No-operation mode: non-interactively check for errors, but don't write
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anything to the filesystem.
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.IP \fB\-r\fP
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Interactively repair the file system. The user is asked for advice whenever
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there is more than one approach to fix an inconsistency.
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.IP \fB\-t\fP
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Mark unreadable clusters as bad.
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.IP \fB-u\fP
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Try to undelete the specified file. \fBdosfsck\fP tries to allocate a chain
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of contiguous unallocated clusters beginning with the start cluster of the
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undeleted file.
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.IP \fB\-v\fP
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Verbose mode. Generates slightly more output.
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.IP \fB\-V\fP
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Perform a verification pass. The file system check is repeated after the
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first run. The second pass should never report any fixable errors. It may
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take considerably longer than the first pass, because the first pass may
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have generated long list of modifications that have to be scanned for each
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disk read.
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.IP \fB\-w\fP
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Write changes to disk immediately.
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.IP \fB\-y\fP
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Same as \fB\-a\fP (automatically repair filesystem) for compatibility
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with other fsck tools.
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.LP
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If \fB\-a\fP and \fB\-r\fP are absent, the file system is only checked,
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but not repaired.
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.SH "EXIT STATUS"
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.IP 0
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No recoverable errors have been detected.
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.IP 1
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Recoverable errors have been detected or \fBdosfsck\fP has discovered an
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internal inconsistency.
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.IP 2
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Usage error. \fBdosfsck\fP did not access the file system.
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.SH BUGS
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Does not create . and .. files where necessary. Does not remove entirely
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empty directories. Should give more diagnostic messages. Undeleting files
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should use a more sophisticated algorithm.
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.\".SH "SEE ALSO"
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.\"fs(5)
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.SH AUTHORS
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Werner Almesberger <werner.almesberger@lrc.di.epfl.ch>
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Extensions (FAT32, VFAT) by and current maintainer:
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Roman Hodek <roman@hodek.net>
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